Key Terms From Math Test 1

Front 1

Statistics

Back 1

the science of collecting, organizing, and interpreting data

Front 2

population

Back 2

the larger group we are attempting to study

Front 3

Population parameters

Back 3

the true numbers that describe the population abstract- we don't actually know what they are yet (estimation) we are trying to get close to these

Front 4

Sample

Back 4

the smaller subset of the population that we actually study, measure, survey

Front 5

sample statistics

Back 5

the stats that we actually measure, calculate from the sample Ex. mean, median, mode etc.

Front 6

5 Steps to a Statistical Study

Back 6

State goal
Decide sample size
Collect
Calculate
Conclude

Front 7

Simple Random Sampling

Back 7

choose items so that every sample has an equal chance of being selected (Best)

Front 8

systematic sampling

Back 8

simple system choosing every kth number

Front 9

convenience sampling

Back 9

samples that are convenient to select

Front 10

stratified sampling

Back 10

partition the population into at least two strata then draw a sample from each

Front 11

bias

Back 11

if the sample doesn't reflect the population

Front 12

selection

Back 12

the sample we pick reflects our bias

Front 13

participation

Back 13

people get to decide whether to be part of the study

Front 14

observational study

Back 14

researchers observe or measure characteristics but do not attempt to influence or modify them

Front 15

experimental study

Back 15

apply a treatment to some or all of the sample members and then look to see if it has any effects

Front 16

case control study

Back 16

combo of observational and experimental, we don't conduct the experiment, we just observe a natural one, and then ask questions about it. the people are already engaging in a specific behavior

Front 17

control group

Back 17

group in experiment that does not receive treatment

Front 18

treatment group

Back 18

group in experiment that does receive treatment

Front 19

placebo

Back 19

given to control group (no active ingredient, sugar pill)

Front 20

placebo effect

Back 20

when people think/believe they are getting treated so they (believe they) are getting better (sometimes actual physical improvement)

Front 21

single-blind experiment

Back 21

participants don't know if they are getting placebo, but experienters do

Front 22

double-blind

Back 22

only third party knows if there is a placebo

Front 23

margin of error

Back 23

an attempt to measure and describe how wrong we are if we add/subtract the MOE to a sample stat we get the confidence interval

Front 24

confidence interval

Back 24

where the true population parameter probably falls.
Ex. given 1.5% MOE 34% of all women drivers... Take 34+1.5 and 34-1.5 which gives you a range of 32.5 to 35.5 this range is the confidence interval

Front 25

Qualitative Data

Back 25

qualities, characteristics, adjectives, descriptions, ex. months, colors

Front 26

Quantitative Data

Back 26

Quantities, numbers, amounts

Front 27

Frequency

Back 27

numbers, counts (not an answer, just a count of what they said, turn tallies into frequencies)

Front 28

Cumulative Frequency

Back 28

add each frequency to the one before it

Front 29

relative frequency

Back 29

percent compared to the total number in the sample, take frequency and divide by total, n, then move decimal two places to make a percent

Front 30

scatterplot

Back 30

the graphical representation and test for correlation

Front 31

Correlation

Back 31

a number from -1 to +1 that measures how strong a relationship is between two factors

Front 32

distribution

Back 32

the values taken on by the variable and the frequency of these values

Front 33

mean

Back 33

average sum of all values divided by total number of values

Front 34

median

Back 34

the middle value (or average of two middle values)

Front 35

mode

Back 35

most common value

Front 36

outlier

Back 36

data value that is much higher or lower than almost all other values (can distort mean, but not median or mode)

Front 37

symmetric

Back 37

left half is mirror image of right half

Front 38

left skewed

Back 38

values are more spread out on left side, distorts mean to the left

Front 39

right skewed

Back 39

values are more spread out on right side, distorts mean to the right

Front 40

variation

Back 40

describes how widely data values are spread out about the center of distribution

Front 41

Peak

Back 41

the mode on a graph

Front 42

Bimodal

Back 42

two equal peaks

Front 43

5 # summary

Back 43

min
max
median
lower quartile
upper quartile

Front 44

Variance

Back 44

Total Sum from Deviation column, divided by n-1

Front 45

Normal Distribution

Back 45

Bell-Shaped Curve

Front 46

Standard Deviation

Back 46

a measure of how far data values are spread around the mean of a data set