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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gamete
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Haploid cell that participates in fertilization by fusing w/ another haploid cell
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Binary Fission
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Form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring
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Gene
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Section of a chromosome that codes for a protein or RNA molecule
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Chromosome
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Structure made of DNA and associated proteins on which genes are located
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chromatid
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One pair of strands of DNA that make up a chromosome during meiosis or mitosis
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Centromere
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Region joining 2 chromatids
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Homologous Chromosome
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A member of a chromosome pair, both of which are similar in shape, size, and the genes they carry
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Diploid
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Term used to indicate a cell containing two sets of chromosomes
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Haploid
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Having only one set of chromosomes
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Zygote
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Fertilized egg cell
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Autosome
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A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex
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Sex Chromosome
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One of a pair of chromosomes that are involved in determining the sex of an individual
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Karyotype
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Array of the chromosomes found in an individual's cells arranged in order of size and shape
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Cell cycle
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Repeating five-phase sequence of eukaryotic cell growth and division
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Interphase
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Period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions of a eukariotic cell during which a cell carries out routine funtioning, copies its DNA, and prepares to divide.
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Mitosis
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Process during cell-division in which the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei
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Cytokenisis
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Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate cells
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Cancer
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A disease characterized by abnormal cell growt
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Spindle
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Structure composed of centrioles and individuals hollow protein fibers that moves chromosomes apart during cell division
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Meiosis
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Process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell completes two successive divisions that produce four cells
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Crossing over
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the exchange of reciprocal segments of DNA by homologous chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis
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Independent assortment
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Random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
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Spermatogenesis
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Process by which male gametes are produced in male animals
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Sperm
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Male gamete
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Oogenisis
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Process by which gametes are produced in female animals
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Ovum
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A mature egg cell
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Asexual reproduction
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Reproduction that involves only one parent
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clone
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Organism produced by asexual reproduction that is genetically identical to its parent
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sexual reproduction
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Reproduction in which gametes from opposite sexes or mating types unite to form a zygote
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life cycle
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Entire lifespan of an organism
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Fertilization
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The process by which haploid gametes join to form a diploid zygote
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Sporophyte
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Diploid phase in the type of life cycle known as alternation of generations
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Spore
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An asexual, resting, reproductive haploid cell
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Gametophyte
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Haploid phase in the type of life cycle known as alteration of generations
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