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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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organisms reproductive cells (sperm of egg)
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gametes
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form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring
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binary fission
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coiled DNA
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chromosome
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two exact copies of DNA that make up each chromosome
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chromatids
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point at which two chromatids of a choromosome are attached
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centromere
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chromosomes that are similar to size, shape, and genetic content
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homologous chromosomes
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a cell that contains one set of chromosomes
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haploid
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a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
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diploid
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a fertilized egg cell, first cell of a new individual
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zygote
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chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex of an individual
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autosomes
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1 of 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans that contain genes that will determine the sex of and individual
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sex chromosomes
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photo of the chromosomes in a dividing cell that shows the chromosomes arranged by size
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karyotype
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repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of an organism
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cell cycle
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the first three phases of the cell cycle where a cell spends 90% of its time
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interphase
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process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei-each nucleus ends up witht the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the original cell
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mitosis
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process during cell division in which the cytoplasm divides
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cytokenisis
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uncontrolled growth of cells
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cancer
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cell structures made up of both centrioles and individual microtubule fibers that are involved in moving chromosomes during cell division
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spindles
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form of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes when forming specialized reproductive cells such as gametes or spore
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meiosis
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portions of a chromatid on homologous chromosome broken and exchanged witht the corresponding portions on one of the chromatids of the other homologous chromosome
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crossing-over
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random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
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independent assortment
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process by which sperm is produced in male animals
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spermatogenesis
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four cells changed to form and develop a tail
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sperm
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process by which gametes are produced in female animals
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oogenesis
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egg
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ovum
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single parent passes copies of all of its genes to each of its offspring (no fusion of haploid cells)
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asexual reproduction
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individual produced by asexual reproduction- an organism that is genetically identical to its parent
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clone
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two parents each form haploid reproductive cells which join to form offspring
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sexual reproduction
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entire life span in the life of an organism from one generation to the next
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life cycle
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process by gametes that results in diploid zygote
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fertilization
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diploid phase in the life cycle that produces spores
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sporophyte
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haloid reproductive cell produced by meiosis that is capable of developing into an adult without fusing with another cell
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spore
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haploid phase that produces gametes by mitosis
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gametophyte
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