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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Descriptive
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explaining what is
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normative
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explaining what ought to be
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realism
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working with the world as it is and not as we wish it to be; usually focused on power
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social contract
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theory that individuals join and stay in civil society as if they had signed a contract
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state of nature
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humans before civilization
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civil society
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humans after becoming civilized. Modern usage: associations between family and government
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general will
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Rousseau's theory of what everybody in the community wants
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Zeitgeist
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german for "spirit of the times"; Heigel's theory that each epoch (moment in time) has a distictive spirit, which moves history along
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proletariat
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Marx's name for the industrial working class
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bourgeois
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afjective, originally Frenc for city dweller; later & current, middle class in general
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superstructure
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Marx's term everything that is built on top of the economy (laws, art, politics, etc)
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leftist
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favors social & economic change to uplift poor
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institutions
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the formal structures of government, such as the US Congress
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positivism
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theory that society can be studied scientifically & incrementally improved with the knowledge gained
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behavioralism
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the empirical study of actual human behavior rather than abstract or speculative theories
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postbehavioral
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synthesis of traditional, behavioral, & other techniques in the study of politics
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thesis
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a main idea or claim, to be proved by evidence
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gross domestic product (GDP)
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sum totals of goods & services produced in a given country in one year, often expressed per capita (GDPpc) by dividing population in GDP
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paradigm
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a model or way of doing research accepted by a discipline
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