Key Terms 6 And 7

Front 1

gamete

Back 1

haploid cell that participates in fertilization by fusing with another haploid cell

Front 2

binary fission

Back 2

form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring

Front 3

gene

Back 3

section of chromosome that codes for a protein of RNA molecule

Front 4

chromosome

Back 4

structure made of DNA and associated proteins on which genes are located

Front 5

chromotid

Back 5

one of a pair of strands of DNA that make up a chromosome during meiosis or mitosis

Front 6

centromere

Back 6

region joining two chromatids

Front 7

homologous chromosome

Back 7

a member of a chromosome pair, both of which are similar in shape, size, and the genes they carry

Front 8

diploid

Back 8

term used to indicate a cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent

Front 9

haploid

Back 9

having only one set of chromosomes

Front 10

zygote

Back 10

fertilized egg cell

Front 11

autosome

Back 11

a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex

Front 12

sex chromosome

Back 12

one of a pair of chromosomes that are involved in determining the sex of an individual

Front 13

karyotype

Back 13

array of the chromosomes found in an individuals cells arranged in order of size and shape

Front 14

cell cycle

Back 14

repeating five-phase sequence of eukaryotic cell growth and division

Front 15

interphase

Back 15

period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions of a eukaryotic cell during which the cell carries out routine functioning, copies its DNA, and prepares to divide

Front 16

mitosis

Back 16

process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell decides into two nuclei, each with the same number and kind of chromosomes

Front 17

cytokinesis

Back 17

the cytoplasm to form two separate cells

Front 18

cancer

Back 18

a disease characterized by abnormal cell growth

Front 19

spindle

Back 19

structure composed of centrioles and individual hollow protein fibers that moves chromosomes apart during cell division

Front 20

meiosis

Back 20

process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell completes two successive divisions that produce four cells, each with a chromosome number that has been reduced by half

Front 21

crossing-over

Back 21

the exchange of reciprocal segments of DNA b y homologous chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis; source of genetic recombination

Front 22

independant assortment

Back 22

random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Front 23

spermotegensis

Back 23

process by which gametes are produced in male animals

Front 24

sperm

Back 24

male gamete

Front 25

oogenesis

Back 25

process by which gametes are produced in female animals

Front 26

ovum

Back 26

a mature egg cell

Front 27

asexual reproduction

Back 27

reproduction that involves only one parent and results in genetically identical offspring

Front 28

clone

Back 28

organism produced by asexual reproduction that is genetically identical to its parent

Front 29

sexual reproduction

Back 29

reproduction in which gametes from opposite sexes or mating types unite to form a zygote

Front 30

life cycle

Back 30

entire lifespan of an organism; summary of all of the stages of an organism

Front 31

fertilization

Back 31

the process by which haploid gametes join to form a diploid zygote

Front 32

sporophyte

Back 32

diploid phase in the type of life cycle known as alternation of generations; diploid individual that produces spores

Front 33

spore

Back 33

an asexual, resting, reproductive haploid cell

Front 34

gametophyte

Back 34

- haploid phase in the type of life cycle known as alternation of generations; haploid individual that produces gametes