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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did myers and diener say about adaption? |
the importance of adaption - positive and negative events fade over time e.g. winning the lottery only experience short term happiness. longitudinal evidence suggests events in the past 3 months influence SWB. |
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What did myers and diener say about culture? |
Cultural world view- culture predisposes people to interpret life differently e.g. positive or negative emotions. |
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what did myers and dinner say about values and goals? |
people with high SWB have high goals e.g. ambitions, money intelligence does not matter only if they are relevant to goals. this explains why poor countries money is more relevant. |
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what did they say about the future ( myers and diener) |
a persons happiness is not predictable from their age, gender or affluence. It is asssociated with race and culture. people who are happy possess certain traits. |
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LOFTUS AND PALMER - What was the MAIN CONCLUSION? |
the findings indicate that the form of questions can markedly affects witnesses answers to a question. |
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What were the 2 main explanations for Loftus and Palmers conclusion? |
response bias- the different speed estimates occur because of the critical word influences of biases the results. The memory representation is altered- a critical word changes a persons memory so that they perception is altered. e.g. seen as more serious. |
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what evidence did lotus conclude supports memory representation is altered. |
the second experiment , the smashed condition suggested that the accident was quite severe and therefore generates expectations e.g. likely to see the broken glass. |
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How do labels affect memory according to the conclusion of lotus? |
Carmichael et al. found verbal labels cause a shift in the way information is represented in memory in the direction of being more similar to the suggestion given by the verbal label. |
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WATSONS conclusion. What was the key conclusion and how many stimulations does it take? |
they conclude that fear can be created. 2 joint stimulations create the emotional response and 7 bring about a complete reaction. |
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how does the study support generalisation? ( watson conclusion) |
generalise to similar stimuli e.g. Albert maintained a fearful response to many different furry objects over time. |
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How did watson link Freud to his conclusion. |
Watson and Raynor addressed Freuds theory specifically. a) they noted that Albert would suck his thumb, possibly a sign of sexual stimulation. They said Freud might be wrong and that it might be a form of compensation to block fear. b) his fear of furry objects, might propose that young Albert had tried to play with his mums pubic hair and was scolded violently. this would lead to unconscious fears. Watson and Raynor said it could be conditioned. |
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BOWLBY- What was the first conclusion drawn from his research? |
children would not have become offenders if they had not had experiences that were harmful to healthy development. |
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how did bowl by relate to Freud in his conclusion? |
early experiences are vital for adulthood. The experience of the mother and child were relevant. He proposed that the damage to this relationship would affect the development of the superego, leading to reduced sense of right and wrong. |
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What other factors lead to delinquency according to Bowlby |
complex factors such as poverty, bad housing and lack of recreational activities. |
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What are the implications for treatment in Bowlbys study? |
treatment should be offered , thought this is slow and difficult. The earlier that diagnosis is made the better for treatment. PREVENTION is better than TREATMENT. |
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What is the first conclusion in the Raine study? |
past research has identified a link between areas of the brain and aggression. These findings are supported by this study. This shows preliminary evidence that murderers pleading NGRI have different brain functioning to normal individuals. |
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why are brains complex according to Raine? |
it can't be reduced to a single brain mechanism. Violent behaviour can be explained by the disruption of a NETWORK of interacting brain mechanisms rather than a single structure. PREDISPOSE to violence NOT CAUSE. |
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What were the confounding variables identified in the conclusion? |
they did not acknowledge IQ or head injury. |
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What 4 warnings did Raine give in the conclusion? |
1. results do not show biology alone causes violence, culture, psychology etc play a role. 2. do not show that murderers are not responsible. 3. the results do not show that brain dysfunction CAUSES violence. ( could be an effect) 4. the results do not show that violence can be explained by the results. only relate to criminal behaviour. |
