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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Early 1800's. Name the 5 main changes Napoleon made on Italy.
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Reduced number of states
Introduced Code Napoleon Power of Catholic Church reduced Measure of middle class decision-making introuced - gained a sense of political power Sense of nationalism developed |
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What ended the Napoleonic Wars(Hundred Days) and when?
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The Battle of Warterloo, June 1815
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Several countries made up the 'Seventh Coalition' and proceded to defeat Napoleon at Waterloo. What were they?
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Britain, Russia, Austria and Prussia mobilised armies against France, yet it was a combination of Britain and Prussia who finally defeated N at Waterloo - (today's Brussels)
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What was the outcome of Napoloeon's defeat in 1815?
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He was sent into exile to the island of Saint Helena, where he died in 1821.
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What was the objective of the Congress of Vienna and who chaired it?
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To settle issues arisen from the Napoleonic Wars, the recent defeat (June 1815)of Napoleon, to establish boundaries on the political map. First of a series of international meetings to come. Austria chaired the meeting.
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Who were the Great Powers who met at Vienna?
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Britain, Austria, France, Russia, Austria and Prussia
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Castlereagh represented Britain at Vienna. Who was he and what were his aims?
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British Foreign Secretary until 1822. He wished to create a secure platform for long-lasting peace, aware of their war-weary citizens.
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Someone attended on behalf of France. He formerly worked for Napoleon. Who was he and what did he wish to convince the powers of?
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Talleyrand - Formerly N's foreign minister (until 1807), he represented France on behalf of Louis XVII. Wished to convince allies that France was no longer a threat. Wished to be treated equally.
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Who was Tsar Alexandar and what did he want for his country at Vienna?
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Russia's sovereign. Hoped to use Vienna as means of obtaining Russia's foreign policy aims. (expand Eastwards into Austria, gain more land)
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Austria chaired the meetings. Who represented her and why did he take control?
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Metternich was Austria's foreign minister until 1821, had power in Italy that he wished to maintain and develop. Concerened about maintaining security Westwards against Russia.
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Who wished to extend into Germany at Vienna and where did they demand to have control over as compensation?
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Hadenburg (Chancellor) wished to extend Prussia into Germany. Demanded Saxony.
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How far did the Treaty of Vienna create support for Italian Unity?
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-Restoration created contrast to Code Napoleon; more sense of power in middle classes; sense of unity under French rule.
-Austrian influence stronger than ever; people developed a sense of unity; now wished for independence. |
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Post Treaty of Vienna, nationalist feeling was present following unity under French rule - what evidence was there of this before 1820?
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Secretive opposition, disturbances not well-planned, restrictions on freedom and press meant it was hard to spread discontent.
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Despite all this discontent due to the loss of French rule, some people were opposed to it all along. What did some unhappy Italians help to form to rid Italy of the French?
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The Second Coalition, joined Russia and Austria and invaded Italy. They were successful in 1799.
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Name a group that supported French rule under Napoleon in the late 1700s.
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Patrioti
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A key change to Italy after Vienna was the return to absolutism. Name 3 other significant (most likely controversial) changes after Congress.
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-Power of Catholic church restored (spiritual and temporal)
-Political power removed at local level. -Austrian influence replaced French rule (already existed before, but moreso now) |
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Why was it such a bad thing that Catholic Church had its temporal power restored as well as spiritual?
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Temporal means land owning and farming was Italy's main trade at the time. The Church was very conservative - very contrasting with recent nationalist feeling. (Conservative, oppressive, ineffcient)
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Despite Nationalist feelings, there was little progress in Italy after 1815. Suggest 5 reasons why.
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Political apathy; not interested, priority was food and water, many people were illiterate. Not much involvement by the lower classes still by this point.
No common language; own dialects + French and German Catholic Church; a lot of power but v conservative Austrian influnce Social and economic state of country |
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Describe the economic and social state of Italy in 1815.
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Economically backwards
Relied on farming which was inefficient - hadn't changed since middle ages Not enough land for growing pop. Poor transport and communication Travel between states not encouraged |
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How did the lower, middle and upper classes benefit from Napoleonic rule?
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Middle: had more political power on a local level, customs simplified, transport improved, industry encouraged.
Upper: benefited from the sale of Church lands Lower: did not benefit |
