Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Empirical Statements vs. Normative Statements |
Empirical - simply state facts. compare data to make statements proven true. Normative - include value judgments. asserts particular norm/goal that a policy should move towards. |
|
|
Systems Theory (in depth explanation) |
environment/political culture - basic norms and expectations people have with regard to how politics work inputs - demands regarding policies they would like to see from the political system (political parties, interest groups, citizen social groups) outputs - policies (decisions/actions) produce feedback (most commonly news media) |
|
|
Linkage Institutions vs. State Institutions Context in which they both behave |
Linkage Institutions - outside formal political systems. connect people of the country to the policies their government is making. e.g. elections, political parties, interest groups, media State Institutions - formally make and enforce policies. exercise formal power of policy making e.g. branches of gov: legislature, executive, judiciary Both behave in context of political culture |
|
|
Social Science vs. Physical Science |
Similarities: hypothesis tested based on gathering of data Differences: social scientists cannot conduct lab experiments with control groups |
|
|
Correlation vs. Causation |
Correlation - situation where one set of observed data seems to be related closely to another set of data. Causation - cause and effect. One event/action |
|
|
Definition of State (4 criteria) |
sovereign, body of people, territory with defined borders of sovereign rule and system of government to make political decisions |
|
|
Definition of Sovereignty what it requires |
may choose to implement a decision or law by force with no consequences from any higher authority requires power (threat of physical force or other) that compels people to take actions they would not independently choose to do. |
|
|
Definition of Capacity Three levels of states and example of each |
ability to enact a policy and see through its execution and enforcement strong state: strong capacity. e.g. Britain 1946 of universal health care through National Heath Service. successful funding and opening of institutions weak state: without capacity to carry out program/policy e.g. Nigeria struggles with basic frameworks and law enforcement for government policies failed state: unable to provide basic law and order. criminal elements and non-state actors behave with impunity and no fear of consequences e.g. Haiti, Somalia |
|
|
Definition of Autonomy Two levels and examples for each |
ability to enact and carry out policy without support of the public high autonomy: take actions citizens unlikely to support without fear of consequent e.g. China low autonomy: rely heavily on public support for successful policy implementation e.g. United Kingdom |
|
|
Definition of Legitimacy three types of historical legitimacy according to who |
people accept the right of the state to rule over them Max Weber's three types: 1. traditional legitimacy - legitimate political leaders acquired status through old traditions maintained for consistency/predictability e.g. hereditary monarchies in England (pre-democratic state) 2. charismatic legitimacy (personality cult) - single individual captures loyalty and attention of people and sere as basis of legitimacy. often in aftermath of revolution e.g. Stalin in Russia 3. rational-legal legitimacy - formal understood legal practices and rules of political game determine who wield political power when. usually constitutional. |
|
|
State Institutions vs. Linkage Institutions examples of each |
state institution - broad term for all actors that carry out the policy making/implementing functions of state. e.g. legislature, executive, judiciary, bureaucracies, military linkage institutions - connect people of the country to the formal policymaking process e.g. political parties, interest groups, the media |
|
|
Definition of Nation and example |
people groups bound by shred sense of a sovereign political destiny (most commonly desire to gain/maintain self-government) e.g. China's shared sense of nationality: language, history, culture and ethnicity |
|
|
Definition of Stateless Nations and example |
minority states poorly integrated in state it reside in. desires to separate from state to form own e.g. chechen people in south western russia |
|
|
Definition of Regime what does it determine? what is it defined by? how does it occur? (3) |
rules and systems under which the political process takes place. determines how individuals/groups acquire and exercise political power defined by written law/constitution and personality holding supreme executive power occur through reform, revolution or coup d'etat |
|
|
Definition of Constitution |
supreme and fundamental basis for determining how the political process occurs |
|
|
Definition of Reform |
important but gradual changes in the structures and systems that do not fundamentally alter political system |
|
|
Definition of Revolution |
sudden and radical change in the structures and systems that completely transforms political regime |
|
|
Definition of Coup D'état |
military of state acts internally to displace those currently in power and seize power for itself |
|
|
Definition of Government |
individuals currently exercising political power from official positions of authority |
|
|
States can choose to concentrate power at national level or decentralize power down to regional level. Motives for this? (3) Three types of states and example of each |
motives: history, ethnic/national diversity, more/less efficient policy implementation 1. unitary states - concentrate all/almost all power at the central, national level e.g. Britain, China 2. federal state - state with official legal constitutional decision of powers between central government permanently established as part of regime, cannot be revoked without major constitutional reform e.g. USA's ratification of constitution 3. confederation/confederal system - central government not sovereign over members which act as sovereign states and choose to cooperate on specific topics. no examples in 6 studied |
|
|
Definition of Supernatural Organizations 3 examples and what they do |
governing bodies that allow sovereign states to send representatives to make collective decisions for the group 1. European union makes decisions for all members. sovereignty not completely sacrificed - can leave. 2. world trade organization. reduced sovereignty in specific area. creates policies all member must comply with, 3. UN. discusses global issues. resolutions not binding |
|
|
"monopoly on violence" |
abbreviation of Max Weber's states have a "monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force" |
|
|
Devolution |
statutory granting of power to regional level from central government |
