Key Clinical Terms Of Urinary System

Front 1

Excessive acidity of body fluids

Back 1

acidosis

酸中毒

Front 2

Presence of bacteria in the urine

Back 2

bacteriuria

菌尿症

Front 3

A solid mold of a renal tubule found in the urine

Back 3

cast

管型

Front 4

Inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually as a result of infection

Back 4

cystitis

膀胱炎

Front 5

Painful or difficult urination

Back 5

dysuria

排尿困难

Front 6

Inflammation of the kidney primarily involving the glomeruli. The acute
form usually occurs after an infection elsewhere in the body; the chronic
form varies in cause and usually leads to renal failure.

Back 6

glomerulonephritis

肾小球肾炎

Front 7

Presence of blood in the urine

Back 7

hematuria

血尿

Front 8

Collection of urine in the renal pelvis caused by obstruction; causes distention
and atrophy of renal tissue. Also called nephrohydrosis or nephrydrosis

Back 8

hydronephrosis

肾积水

Front 9

Excess amount of potassium in the blood

Back 9

hyperkalemia

高血钾

Front 10

Elimination of small amounts of urine

Back 10

oliguria

少尿

Front 11

Presence of protein, mainly albumin, in the urine

Back 11

proteinuria

蛋白尿

Front 12

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney, usually as a result of
infection

Back 12

pyelonephritis

肾盂肾炎

Front 13

Presence of pus in the urine

Back 13

pyuria

脓尿

Front 14

Radiating pain in the region of the kidney associated with the passage of a
stone

Back 14

renal colic

肾绞痛

Front 15

renal colic

Back 15

uremia

尿毒症

Front 16

Inflammation of the urethra, usually as a result of infection

Back 16

urethritis

尿道炎

Front 17

Stoppage or stagnation of the flow of urine

Back 17

urinary stasis

尿停滞

Front 18

Introduction of a tube into a passage, such as through the urethra into the
bladder for withdrawal of urine

Back 18

catheterization

导尿

Front 19

An instrument for examining the inside of the urinary bladder. Also used
for removing foreign objects, for surgery, and for other forms of treatment.

Back 19

cystoscope

膀胱镜

Front 20

Separation of substances by passage through a semipermeable membrane.
Dialysis is used to rid the body of unwanted substances when the kidneys
are impaired or missing. The two forms of dialysis are hemodialysis and
peritoneal dialysis.

Back 20

dialysis

渗析

Front 21

Removal of unwanted substances from the blood by passage through a
semipermeable membrane

Back 21

hemodialysis

血液透析

Front 22

Intravenous urography

Back 22

intravenous
pyelography (IVP)

静脉肾盂造影

Front 23

Radiographic visualization of the urinary tract after intravenous administration
of a contrast medium that is excreted in the urine; also called excretory
urography or intravenous pyelography, although the latter is less
accurate because the procedure shows more than just the renal pelvis

Back 23

intravenous
urography (IVU)

静脉尿路造影(IVU)

Front 24

Crushing of a stone

Back 24

lithotripsy

碎石术

Front 25

Removal of unwanted substances from the body by introduction of a dialyzing
fluid into the peritoneal cavity followed by removal of the fluid

Back 25

peritoneal dialysis

腹膜透析

Front 26

Pyelography in which the contrast medium is injected into the kidneys
from below, by way of the ureters

Back 26

retrograde
pyelography

逆行肾盂造影

Front 27

The weight of a substance compared with the weight of an equal volume of
water. The specific gravity of normal urine ranges from 1.015 to 1.025.
This value may increase or decrease in disease.

Back 27

specific
gravity (SG)

比重

Front 28

Laboratory study of the urine. Physical and chemical properties and microscopic
appearance are included

Back 28

urinalysis

尿液分析

Front 29

Surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

Back 29

cystectomy

膀胱切除术

Front 30

Diversion of urine by connection of the ureters to an isolated segment of
the ileum. One end of the segment is sealed, and the other drains through
an opening in the abdominal wall (see Fig. 13-10).

Back 30

ileal conduit

回肠导管

Front 31

Incision of an organ to remove a stone (calculus)

Back 31

lithotomy

膀胱切开取石术

Front 32

Surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient

Back 32

renal transplantation

肾脏移植