Key Associations Rapid Review Usmle 1

Front 1

Actinic (solar) keratosis

Back 1

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

Front 2

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Back 2

Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

Front 3

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Back 3

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

Front 4

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Back 4

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

Front 5

Aneurysm, dissecting

Back 5

Hypertension

Front 6

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

Back 6

Atherosclerosis

Front 7

Aortic aneurysm, arch

Back 7

Terciary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

Front 8

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

Back 8

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

Front 9

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Back 9

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

Front 10

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Back 10

Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)

Front 11

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

Back 11

H. pylori

Front 12

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

Back 12

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Front 13

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

Back 13

Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/ Neisseria meningitidis (kids)

Front 14

Benign melanocytic nevus

Back 14

Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)

Front 15

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

Back 15

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

Front 16

Brain tumor (adults)

Back 16

Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

Front 17

Brain tumor (kids)

Back 17

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

Front 18

Breast cancer

Back 18

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Front 19

Breast mass

Back 19

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

Front 20

Breast tumor (benign)

Back 20

Fibroadenoma

Front 21

Cardiac Primary tumor (kids)

Back 21

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

Front 22

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

Back 22

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

Front 23

Cardiac tumor (adults)

Back 23

Metastasis, Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; ñball and valveî)

Front 24

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Back 24

Chiari II malformation

Front 25

Chronic arrhythmia

Back 25

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

Front 26

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Back 26

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

Front 27

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Back 27

DES exposure in utero

Front 28

Compression fracture

Back 28

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)

Front 29

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

Back 29

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Front 30

Congenital cardiac anomaly

Back 30

VSD

Front 31

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Back 31

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

Front 32

Constrictive pericarditis

Back 32

TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)

Front 33

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

Back 33

LAD > RCA > LCA

Front 34

Cretinism

Back 34

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

Front 35

Cushing syndrome

Back 35

"Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy) - Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol) - ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma - Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)"

Front 36

Cyanosis (early; less common)

Back 36

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

Front 37

Cyanosis (late; more common)

Back 37

VSD, ASD, PDA

Front 38

Death in CML

Back 38

Blast crisis

Front 39

Death in SLE

Back 39

Lupus nephropathy

Front 40

Dementia

Back 40

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts

Front 41

Demyelinating disease in young women

Back 41

Multiple sclerosis

Front 42

DIC

Back 42

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

Front 43

Dietary deficit

Back 43

Iron

Front 44

Diverticulum in pharynx

Back 44

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

Front 45

Ejection click

Back 45

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

Front 46

Esophageal cancer

Back 46

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)

Front 47

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

Back 47

S. aureus, B. cereus

Front 48

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

Back 48

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

Front 49

Gynecologic malignancy

Back 49

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

Front 50

Heart murmur, congenital

Back 50

Mitral valve prolapse

Front 51

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

Back 51

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

Front 52

Helminth infection (U.S.)

Back 52

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

Front 53

Hematoma„epidural

Back 53

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

Front 54

Hematoma„subdural

Back 54

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

Front 55

Hemochromatosis

Back 55

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increaesed risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

Front 56

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Back 56

Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

Front 57

Hereditary bleeding disorder

Back 57

von Willebrand disease

Front 58

Hereditary harmless jaundice

Back 58

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Front 59

HLA-B27

Back 59

Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis

Front 60

HLA-DR3 or -DR4

Back 60

Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

Front 61

Holosystolic murmur

Back 61

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

Front 62

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

Back 62

Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)

Front 63

Hypertension, Secondary

Back 63

Renal disease

Front 64

Hypoparathyroidism

Back 64

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

Front 65

Hypopituitarism

Back 65

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

Front 66

Infection Secondary to blood transfusion

Back 66

Hepatitis C

Front 67

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

Back 67

Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)

Front 68

Intellectual disability

Back 68

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

Front 69

Kidney stones

Back 69

Calcium = radiopaque; Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus); Uric acid = radiolucent

Front 70

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

Back 70

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

Front 71

Liver disease

Back 71

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Front 72

Lysosomal storage disease

Back 72

Gaucher disease

Front 73

Male cancer

Back 73

Prostatic carcinoma

Front 74

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

Back 74

Hodgkin lymphoma

Front 75

Malignancy (kids)

Back 75

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

Front 76

Metastases to bone

Back 76

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

Front 77

Metastases to brain

Back 77

Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI

Front 78

Metastases to liver

Back 78

Colon >> stomach, pancreas

Front 79

Mitochondrial inheritance

Back 79

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

Front 80

Mitral valve stenosis

Back 80

Rheumatic heart disease

Front 81

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

Back 81

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Front 82

Myocarditis

Back 82

Coxsackie B

Front 83

Myeloproliferative disorders

Back 83

JAK2 mutation

Front 84

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

Back 84

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Front 85

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

Back 85

Minimal change disease

Front 86

Neuron migration failure

Back 86

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

Front 87

Nosocomial pneumonia

Back 87

Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 88

Obstruction of male urinary tract

Back 88

BPH

Front 89

Opening snap

Back 89

Mitral stenosis

Front 90

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

Back 90

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Front 91

Osteomyelitis

Back 91

S. aureus

Front 92

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

Back 92

Salmonella

Front 93

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

Back 93

Pseudomonas, S. aureus

Front 94

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

Back 94

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)

Front 95

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

Back 95

Serous cystadenoma

Front 96

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

Back 96

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Front 97

Pancreatitis (acute)

Back 97

Gallstones, alcohol

Front 98

Pancreatitis (chronic)

Back 98

Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

Front 99

Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML

Back 99

ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult ~65, CML: adult 30-60

Front 100

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Back 100

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Front 101

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)

Back 101

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

Front 102

Pituitary tumor

Back 102

Prolactinoma, somatotropic ñacidophilicî adenoma

Front 103

Primary 1Á amenorrhea

Back 103

Turner syndrome (45,XO)

Front 104

Primary bone tumor (adults)

Back 104

Multiple myeloma

Front 105

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Back 105

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

Front 106

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Back 106

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

Front 107

Primary liver cancer

Back 107

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency)

Front 108

Pulmonary hypertension

Back 108

COPD

Front 109

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

Back 109

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

Front 110

Renal tumor

Back 110

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

Front 111

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

Back 111

Cor pulmonale

Front 112

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

Back 112

Increased ventricular filling (left-to-right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])

Front 113

S4 (presystolic gallop)

Back 113

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

Front 114

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Back 114

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

Front 115

Sexually transmitted disease

Back 115

Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)

Front 116

SIADH

Back 116

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

Front 117

Site of diverticula

Back 117

Sigmoid colon

Front 118

Sites of atherosclerosis

Back 118

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

Front 119

Stomach cancer

Back 119

Adenocarcinoma

Front 120

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

Back 120

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

Front 121

t(14;18)

Back 121

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

Front 122

t(8;14)

Back 122

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)

Front 123

t(9;22)

Back 123

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)

Front 124

t(15;17)

Back 124

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Front 125

Temporal arteritis

Back 125

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

Front 126

Testicular tumor

Back 126

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)

Front 127

Thyroid cancer

Back 127

Papillary carcinoma

Front 128

Tumor in women

Back 128

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

Front 129

Tumor of infancy

Back 129

Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

Front 130

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

Back 130

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

Front 131

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

Back 131

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

Front 132

Type of Hodgkin

Back 132

Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

Front 133

Type of non-Hodgkin

Back 133

Diffuse large cell

Front 134

UTI

Back 134

E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

Front 135

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

Back 135

HSV-1

Front 136

Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)

Back 136

Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)