Key Association Part 1

Front 1

Actinic (solar) keratosis

Back 1

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

Front 2

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Back 2

Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

Front 3

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Back 3

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

Front 4

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Back 4

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

Front 5

Aneurysm, dissecting

Back 5

Hypertension

Front 6

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

Back 6

Atherosclerosis

Front 7

Aortic aneurysm, arch

Back 7

Terciary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

Front 8

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

Back 8

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

Front 9

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Back 9

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

Front 10

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Back 10

Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)

Front 11

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

Back 11

H. pylori

Front 12

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

Back 12

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Front 13

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

Back 13

Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/ Neisseria meningitidis (kids)

Front 14

Benign melanocytic nevus

Back 14

Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)

Front 15

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

Back 15

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

Front 16

Brain tumor (adults)

Back 16

Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

Front 17

Brain tumor (kids)

Back 17

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

Front 18

Breast cancer

Back 18

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Front 19

Breast mass

Back 19

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

Front 20

Breast tumor (benign)

Back 20

Fibroadenoma

Front 21

Cardiac Primary tumor (kids)

Back 21

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

Front 22

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

Back 22

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

Front 23

Cardiac tumor (adults)

Back 23

Metastasis, Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; –ball and valve”)

Front 24

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Back 24

Chiari II malformation

Front 25

Chronic arrhythmia

Back 25

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

Front 26

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Back 26

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

Front 27

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Back 27

DES exposure in utero

Front 28

Compression fracture

Back 28

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)

Front 29

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

Back 29

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Front 30

Congenital cardiac anomaly

Back 30

VSD

Front 31

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Back 31

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

Front 32

Constrictive pericarditis

Back 32

TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)

Front 33

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

Back 33

LAD > RCA > LCA

Front 34

Cretinism

Back 34

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

Front 35

Cushing syndrome

Back 35

Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy) - Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol) - ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma - Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by
tumors)

Front 36

Cyanosis (early; less common)

Back 36

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

Front 37

Cyanosis (late; more common)

Back 37

VSD, ASD, PDA

Front 38

Death in CML

Back 38

Blast crisis

Front 39

Death in SLE

Back 39

Lupus nephropathy

Front 40

Dementia

Back 40

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts

Front 41

Demyelinating disease in young women

Back 41

Multiple sclerosis

Front 42

DIC

Back 42

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

Front 43

Dietary deficit

Back 43

Iron

Front 44

Diverticulum in pharynx

Back 44

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

Front 45

Ejection click

Back 45

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

Front 46

Esophageal cancer

Back 46

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)

Front 47

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

Back 47

S. aureus, B. cereus

Front 48

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

Back 48

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

Front 49

Gynecologic malignancy

Back 49

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

Front 50

Heart murmur, congenital

Back 50

Mitral valve prolapse

Front 51

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

Back 51

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

Front 52

Helminth infection (U.S.)

Back 52

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

Front 53

Hematomaãepidural

Back 53

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

Front 54

Hematomaãsubdural

Back 54

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

Front 55

Hemochromatosis

Back 55

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increaesed risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

Front 56

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Back 56

Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

Front 57

Hereditary bleeding disorder

Back 57

von Willebrand disease

Front 58

Hereditary harmless jaundice

Back 58

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Front 59

HLA-B27

Back 59

Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis

Front 60

HLA-DR3 or -DR4

Back 60

Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

Front 61

Holosystolic murmur

Back 61

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

Front 62

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

Back 62

Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)

Front 63

Hypertension, Secondary

Back 63

Renal disease

Front 64

Hypoparathyroidism

Back 64

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

Front 65

Hypopituitarism

Back 65

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

Front 66

Infection Secondary to blood transfusion

Back 66

Hepatitis C

Front 67

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

Back 67

Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)

Front 68

Intellectual disability

Back 68

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome