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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Prokaryote
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A prokaryote is a single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles.
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What are two Prokayote domains?
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1. Bacteria
2. Archaea |
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How has prokaryotes influenced evolution?
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Prokaryotes have influenced evolution because bacteria most likely gave rise to the chloroplasts and mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
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True or False:
Are bacteria and archaea bound by a cell membrane and enclosed with cytoplasm, DNA and ribosomes? |
True (p.339)
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What does the nucleoid in a prokaryotic cell contain?
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The nucleiod contains the DNA, some RNA and a few protiens (p.339)
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What does the plasmids contain in bacteria and archae?
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The plasmids contain circles of DNA apart from the chromosome.
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Where are proteins assembled in prokaryotic cells?
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ribosomes.
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What is the rigid barrier called that surrounds the cells of most bacteria and archaea?
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cell wall
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What does the cell wall of a bacteria contain that does not occur in the cell walls of archaea?
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peptidoglycan
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What is peptidoglycan?
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Peptidoglycan is a complex polysaccharide in the cell walls of only bacteria
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What are the 3 most common cell shape?
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1.coccus (spherical)
2.Bacillus (rod-shaped) 3.Spirillum (spiral/corkscrew) |
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The cell shapes also pair in two ways, what ways do they pair?
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1. staphylo (cluster)
2. strepto (chains) |
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What is the Gram Stain reaction?
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It is a technique for classifying bacteria into two main groups based on cell wall structure.
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During the Gram Stain reaction what will the color be if the cell is gram-positive?
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The color will be purple because it has a thick layer of peptidoglycan
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During the Gram Stain reaction what will the color be if the cell is gram-negative?
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The color will be pink because the cell has a cell wall with a thin layer of peptidoglycan.
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Define glyocalyx
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Glyocalyx is the stick layer composed of proteins or ploysaccharides that may surround the cell wall of prokaryotic cells.
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Define pili (pilus)
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it is the short hair like projections made of proteins that enable prokaytoic cells to adhere to objects
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True or False: All prokaryotes can move.
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False
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What is taxis?
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It is the movement of prokaryotic cells toward or away from a stimulus
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Cells that can move have a whiplike extensions that rotates like propellers, what are they called?
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Flagellum
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