Kegley Chapter 6 Vocabulary

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Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)

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Institutions created and joined by states’ gov’ts, which give them authority to make collective decisions to manage particular problems on the global agenda

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Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)

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Transnat’l orgs of private citizens maintaining consultative status w/ the UN; they include professional associations, foundations, multinat’l corporations, or simply internationally active grps in different states joined together to work toward common interests

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Anarchy

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An absence at the global level of a suprenat’l authority to regulate relations between states

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Collective Security

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A security regime created by the great powers that sets rules for keeping peace, guided by the principle that an act of aggression by any state will be met by a collective response from the rest

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Group of 77 (G-77)

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A coalition of the world’s poor countries formed in 1964 to press for concessions from wealthy Global North states

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Regimes

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Norms, rules, and procedures for cooperative interactions agreed to by a set of states

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Non-intervention Norm

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A fundamental int’l legal principle, now being challenged, that has traditionally defined external interference in the domestic affairs of a sovereign states as illegal

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Rational Choice

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The theory that decision makers choose on the basis of what they perceive to be in the best interests of themselves and their states, based on their expectations about the relative usefulness of alternative options for realizing goals. Sometimes called “expected utility theory,” it was derived from realist theories

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Liberalism

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A paradigm predicated on the hope that the application of reason and universal ethics to int’l relations can lead to a more orderly, just, and cooperative world, and that int’l anarchy and war can be policed by institutional reforms that empower orgs and int’l laws for global governance

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Globalization

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The integration of states, through increasing contact, communication, and trade, to create a holistic, single global system in which the process of change increasingly binds ppl together in a common fate

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Realism

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A theory based on the premise that world politics is essentially and unchangeably a struggle among self-interested sovereign states for power and position under anarchy, w/ each competing state pursuing its own nat’l interests

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Neoliberal theory

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A philosophy that maintains that peaceful change w/ prosperity can be encouraged through multilateral cooperation in institutions that knit the states and ppl of the world together into a true global community

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Security Community

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A group of states whose high level of institutionalized collaboration results in settlement of disputes by comprise rather than by force

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European Commission

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The executive organ administratively responsible for the European Union

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Devolution

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States’ granting of political power to minority ethnic grps and indigenous ppl in particular nat’l regions under the expectation that greater autonomy will curtail their quest for independence as a new state

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Constructivism

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A scholarly approach to inquiry emphasizing the importance of agents (ppl and grps) and the shared meanings they construct to define their identities, interests, and institutions – understandings that influence their int’l behavior

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Nationalism

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A mind-set glorifying a particular state and the nationality grp living in it that sees the state’s nat’l interests as a supreme value

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Clash of Civilizations

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Political scientist Samuel Huntington’s controversial thesis that in the 21st century the globe’s major civilizations will conflict w/ one another, leading to anarchy and warfare similar to that resulting from conflicts between states over the past 500 years

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Irredentism

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Efforts by an ethnic or nationality or a religious grp to regain control of territory by force so that existing state boundaries will no longer separate the grp

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Secession, or Separative Revolts

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A religious or ethnic minority’s efforts, often by violent means, to gain independent statehood by separating territory from an established sovereign state

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Multinational Corporations (MNCs)

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Business enterprises headquartered in one state that invest and operate extensively in other states

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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

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An investment in a country involving a long-term relationship and control of an enterprise by nonresidents and including equity capital, reinvestment or earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments

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Outsourcing

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The transfer of jobs to labor in foreign countries where costs are lower and worker performance is capable

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Strategic Corporate Alliances

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Cooperation between multinat’l corporations and foreign companies in the same industry, driven by the mvt of MNC manufacturing overseas

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Constructivist

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A scholarly approach to inquiry emphasizing the importance of agents (ppl and grps) and the shared meanings they construct to define their identities, interests, and institutions – understandings that influence their int’l behavior

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Realist Theory

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The theoretical tradition based on the premise that the state is the only really important actor and that world politics is essentially and unchangeably a struggle among self-interested states for power and position under anarchy, w/ each competing state pursuing its own nat’l interests