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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sovereignty
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The legal doctrine that states have supreme authority to govern their internal affairs and manage their foreign relations w/ other states and nonstate actors
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Sovereign equality
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The principle that states are legally entitled to equal protection under int’l law
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Adjudication
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A conflict-resolution procedure in which a third party makes a binding decision abt a dispute in an institutional tribunal
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Diplomatic immunity
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The legal doctrine that gives a country’s officials (e.g. diplomats and ambassadors) when abroad release from the local legal jurisdiction of the state when they are visiting or stationed abroad to represent their own gov’t
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Extraterritoriality
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The legal doctrine that allows states to maintain jurisdiction over their embassies in other states
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De facto recognition
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A gov’t’s acknowledgment of the factual existence of another state or gov’t short of full recognition
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De jure recognition
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A gov’t’s formal, legal recognition of another sovereign gov’t or state
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Negotiation
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Discussion between two or more parties w/ the goal of resolving perceived differences of interests and the conflicts they cause
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Mediation
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A conflict-resolution procedure in which a third party offers a nonbinding solution to the disputants
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Good offices
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The offering by a third party of a location for discussion among disputants
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Conciliation
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A conflict-resolution procedure in which a third party assists both parties to a dispute but proposes no solution
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Arbitration
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A conflict-resolution procedure in which a third party makes a binding decision between disputants through a temporary ruling board created for that ruling
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Just war doctrine
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A doctrine regarding moral considerations under which war may be undertaken and how it should be fought once it begins
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Security regimes
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The norms and rules for interactions agreed to by a grp of states to increase their security
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Bush Doctrine
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The declaration underscored in the 2002 Nat’l Security Strategy of the United States that the Bush administration would act unilaterally to preserve American unipolar predominance and, if necessary, undertake preemptive warfare to prevent as adversary’s military action w/o the approval of allies
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Preemption
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A quick, first-strike military attack in self-defense to prevent an aggressor from launching a war of aggression, for which there is overwhelming evidence that the aggressor’s threat is real and imminent or about to be undertaken
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Preventive war
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Strictly outlawed by int’l law, a war undertaken by choice against an enemy to prevent it from suspected intentions to attack sometime in the distant future – if and when the enemy might acquire the necessary military capabilities
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Int’l Criminal Court (ICC)
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A court established by the UN for indicting and administering justice to ppl committing war crimes
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Nonintervention norm
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The principle prohibiting one state from interfering in another state’s internal affairs
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Collective security
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A security regime agreed to by the great powers setting rules for keeping peace, guided by the principle that an act of aggression by any state will be met by a collective response from the rest
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Balance of power
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The theory that peace and stability are most likely to be maintained when threatened states from a military coalition and thereby redistribute power to prevent any single great-power hegemon or bloc from dominating the global system
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Peacekeeping
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The efforts by third parties such as the UN to intervene in civil wars and/or interstate wars or to prevent hostilities between potential belligerents from escalating, so that by acting as a bugger a negotiated settlement of the dispute can be reached
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Preventive diplomacy
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Diplomatic actions taken in advance of a predictable crisis to prevent or limit violence
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Peacemaking
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The process of diplomacy, mediation, negotiation, or other forms of peaceful settlement that arranges an end to a dispute and resolves the issues that led to conflict
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Peace building
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Post-conflict actions, predominantly diplomatic and economic, that strengthen and rebuild governmental infrastructure and institutions in order to avoid renewed recourse to armed conflict
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Peace operations
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A general category encompassing both peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations undertaken to establish and maintain peace between disputants
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Peace enforcement
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The application of military force to warring parties, or the threat of its use, normally pursuant to int’l authorization, to compel compliance w/ resolutions or w/ sanctions designed to maintain or restore peace and order
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Ultimatum
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In strategic bargaining, a threat to a target that it comply w/ a demand or face punishment
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Selective engagement
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A state’s or an IGO’s choosing to intervene militarily in some situations but declining to do so in others
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Public goods
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Shared values from which everyone who has access to them benefits, such as safe drinking water and int’l peace, even if not everyone contributes to their creation or preservation
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Regional collective defense
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Orgs and military alliances within a specific region created to collectively preserve peace and security for their members collectively
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Collective security
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A security regime created by a grp of allied states that sets rules for keeping peace, guided by the principle that an act of aggression against any member will be met by a collective response from the rest
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Political integration
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The processes and activities by which the populations of two or more states transfer their loyalties to a merged political and economic unit
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World federalism
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A reform mvt proposing as a path to peace combining two or more previously independent countries to form single unified federal states, w/ the ultimate goal of creating federal institutions for global governance
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Absolute gains
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Conditions in which all participants in exchanges become better off
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Relative gains
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Conditions in which some participants in interactions benefit more than others
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Nationalism
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The feeling of loyalty to a particular state and/or nationality or ethnic grp, to the exclusion of attachment to other states, universal religious values, or the collective welfare of all ppl
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Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
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Transnat’l orgs of private citizens maintaining consultative status w/ the UN; they include professional associations, foundations, multinat’l corporations, and internationally active grps in different states joining together to work toward common interests
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Functionalism
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The theory advanced by David Mitrany and others explaining how ppl can come to value transnat’l institutions (IGOs, integrated or merged states) and the steps to giving those institutions authority to provide the public goods (for example, security) previously, but inadequately, supplied by their own state
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Epistemic communities
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Scientific experts on a subject of inquiry such as global warming that are organized internationally as NGOs to communicate w/ one another and use their constructed understanding of “knowledge” to lobby for global transformations
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Ideology
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A set of core philosophical principles collectively held abt the ways ppl and gov’ts ought to behave ethically and politically
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Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
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Int’l orgs whose members are states, such as the WTO
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Multinational corporations (MNCs)
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Business enterprises headquartered in one state that invest and operate extensively in many other states
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Intermestic policies
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Those issues confronting a state that are both global (int’l) and local (domestic)
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Neofunctionalism
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The revised functional theory explaining that the IGOs created by states to manage common problems provide benefits that exert new pressures by political means for further political integration, the creation of additional IGOs, and the globalization of int’l relations in an expanding network of interdependence that reduces states’ incentives to wage war
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European Union (EU)
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A regional org created by the merger of the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Atomic Energy Community, and the European Economic Community, called the European Community until 1993
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Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
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The agreement reached by the EU defining the goals in foreign and defense policy the EU pledges to jointly pursue
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Security community
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A grp of states whose high level of institutionalized collaboration results in the settlement of disputes by compromise rather than by force
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Spillover
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The propensity for successful integration across one area of cooperation between states to propel further integration in other areas
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Spillback
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The reversal of previous steps toward integration, reducing the number of sectors in which integrating states are engaged in cooperated exchanges
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Spillaround
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The stagnation of encapsulation of regional integration activities
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Indigenous peoples
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The native ethnic and cultural inhabitant populations within countries ruled by a gov’t controlled by others, known as the “Fourth World”
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Political disintegration
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The separation of a failed state into fragments to create two or more newly independent countries
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Devolution
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States; release of political power to ethnic and religious minority grps and indigenous ppl in particular regions, under the expectation that greater autonomy for them in particular regions will reduce their quest for independence as a new state
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Self-determination
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The standard advocated strenuously in Wilson’s “Fourteen Pts” address that nat’l and ethnic minority grps should have a right to statehood so they could govern themselves as independent countries
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Democratic peace
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The theory that, b/c democratic states do not fight one another, the diffusion of democratic governance throughout the world will reduce the probability of war
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Behavioralism
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An approach to the study of int’l relations that emphasizes the application of scientific methods
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Doctrine
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The guidelines a state specifies to identify the conditions under which it will use power for political purposes abroad
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Group of Eight (G-8)
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The major industrialized countries including partially democratic Russia, whose leaders participate in annual summit conferences to set economic, political, and military goals for the global future
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