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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is meant by using closed questions in quantitative research? |
These are questions that only require a yes or no answer and therefore, can be used to provide statistical data |
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What is meant by open questions in qualitative research? |
These are questions that require an answer with a description or explanation |
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What are the 4 main purposes of research? |
1. To improve outcomes for health and social care services 2. To inform policy and practice 3. To extend knowledge and understanding 4. To identify gaps in provision |
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What is a research proposal? |
A brief plan of the proposed research |
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What 6 things should a research proposal contain? |
1. Rational (reasons for doing research) aim and objectives 2. The methodologies that you are going to use 3. The selected target group and sample 4. Any ethical issues 5. When and how it is to be conducted 6. how it will be interpreted and how it will be monitored and modified if need be |
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What is triangulation and why is it important? |
Triangulation uses different research methods to investigate the same research questions from different angles and increases the validity of the results. If all results say a similar thing then they are more likely to be truthful- valid and reliable |
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What is a target group? |
This is the subset (section) of the whole population that is relevant to your research |
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What is a sample? |
This is a subset (selection) of the target group |
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Name and explain 4 sampling methods |
Random sampling- every member of the target group had an equal chance of being chosen e.g names of of a hat Systematic sampling- every fifth member of the target group Stratified random sampling- the target group is divided into subsets called strata. A proportional number of members of each stratum is randomly selected for the sample e.g boys and girls Cluster sample- the target group is divided into subsets. One or more entire |
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What does being ethical mean? |
You conduct yourself according to certain standards and treat participants properly |
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List 3 ethical principles |
Respect the dignity of participants Maintain confidentiality Respect human rights Promote truth Avoid error Cooperate and collaborate Be accountable Be trustworthy |
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What must a researcher gain before doing their research? |
To maintain ethics the researcher needs written consent from the participant or for children, their parents but only after fully explaining what will happen in the research |
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How would the Data Protection Act 1998 apply to research? |
All data must be confidentially stored safely The participants identity should not be used or any traceable locations The data collected can only be used for the purpose for which it was collected |
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What are the advantages of primary research? |
Current and up to date |
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What are the disadvantages of primary research? |
Expensive and time consuming Ethically can only be carried out by professionals The researchers opinions may produce leading questions and therefore the results would not be valid |
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What are the advantages of secondary research? |
Good way to research the background of a topic Useful to back up data from primary research and therefore making the primary research valid and reliable Quick and inexpensive |
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What are the disadvantages of secondary research? |
Sources are not always reliable Findings may be biased or unethically gathered Less current as conducted at a previous point of time Sample size might be too small or target group may influence the findings |
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What is a literature review? |
Reading and reviewing a wide range of literature that includes both primary and secondary sources Evaluating how reliable each source is |
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What is bias? |
Bias means having an opinion about something. If a researcher approaches research with bias they can influence the findings and make them invalid. E.g leading questions in primary research |
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How does researcher prevent bias in their research? |
- do not stereotype people - do not prejudiced towards a particular group of people - do not discriminate |
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How might a researcher be bias? |
By the sample of participants they select e.g. only asking relatives who have complained to the CQC about their dissatisfaction with the care home |
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When collecting quantitative data how may the research demonstrate bias? |
By using leading questions that make a participant answer in a certain way By the sample not being representative of all people Sample size being too small therefore producing unreliable data By only picking participants that support his argument |
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When collecting quantitative data how may the research demonstrate bias? |
By using leading questions that make a participant answer in a certain way By the sample not being representative of all people Sample size being too small therefore producing unreliable data By only picking participants that support his argument |
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When collecting qualitative data how may the research demonstrate bias? |
Leading questions and body language used to sway a response from the participant Participants answering in a certain way to please the researcher or what they believe is the socially acceptable answer A dominant participant in a focus group influencing the responses of others Not distinguishing between fact and opinion |
