Kc Ap1 Reproductive

Front 1

This galnd in men produces an alkaline mucus, fructose, and a coagulating protein as part of semen

Back 1

seminal vesicle

Front 2

These ligament hole the uterus in a proper position in the pelvic cavity

Back 2

uterosacral ligament
round ligament

Front 3

These carry the ovulated egg from the ovary to the uterus

Back 3

uterine tube

Front 4

These glands produce an alkaline mucus that coats the male urethra prior to ejaculation

Back 4

bulbourethral glands

Front 5

This is the fat pad that covers the pubic symphysis in females

Back 5

mons pubis

Front 6

This duct carries sperm from the epidydimus to the prostate gland

Back 6

ductus deferens

Front 7

This structure in females is homologous to the male penis

Back 7

clitoris

Front 8

This is the inner lining of the uterus

Back 8

endometrium

Front 9

These muscles raise the testes toward the body

Back 9

cremaster muscle
dartos muscle

Front 10

These structures engorge with blood and apply pressure to the penis during copulation

Back 10

vestibular bulb

Front 11

These are the erectile tissues in the penis

Back 11

corpus cavernosa

Front 12

These are the primary sex organs in mex and women

Back 12

testes
ovaries

Front 13

This structure in women produces most of the lubrication for intercourse

Back 13

vagina

Front 14

This is the narrow portion of the uterus

Back 14

cervix

Front 15

These are the structures cut during a vasectomy

Back 15

ductus deferens

Front 16

This is the name for a widening of a tube

Back 16

ampulla

Front 17

This series of veins forma a countercurrent sysem to help cool the testes

Back 17

pampiniform plexus

Front 18

This is the endometrial later she during mestruation

Back 18

stratum functionalis

Front 19

This is the phase of meiosis when the reduction division takes place

Back 19

anaphase I

Front 20

These are the junctions between adjacent sustentacular cells

Back 20

tight junctions

Front 21

This is the term for half the normal chromosomal number

Back 21

haploid

Front 22

This is the follicle that ovulates

Back 22

mature follicle

Front 23

Synapsis and crossing over occur during this phase of meiosis

Back 23

prophase I

Front 24

This hormone stimulates follicle development at the start of the ovarian cycle

Back 24

FSH

Front 25

This hormone stimulates the interstitial cells to produce testosterone

Back 25

LH

Front 26

Decreases in the blood levels of these hormones stimulate the spiral arteries to constrict and bring about menstruation

Back 26

estrogen
progesterone

Front 27

This is the term that describes the release of teh egg into the uterine tube

Back 27

ovulation

Front 28

This is the process that turns spermatids into spermatozoa

Back 28

spermiogenesis

Front 29

This process occurs during the first 5 days of the menstrual cycle and involves shedding of the uterine lining

Back 29

menstruation

Front 30

This hormone stimulates ovulation at day 14 of the ovarian cycle

Back 30

LH

Front 31

This hormone stimulates spermatogenesis

Back 31

FSH

Front 32

These cells form the blood testis barrier

Back 32

sustentacular cells

Front 33

This hormone reduces the production of follicle stimulating hormone

Back 33

inhibin

Front 34

These hormones stimulate the uterine lining to develop after menstruation

Back 34

estrogen
progesterone

Front 35

This structure functions as an endocrine gland to produce estrogen and progesterone

Back 35

corpus luteum

Front 36

What is the function of:
corpus luteum

Back 36

produces estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, and inhibin until it degenerates and placenta takes over

Front 37

What is the function of:
vestibular glands

Back 37

lubrication

Front 38

What is the function of:
vestibular bulb

Back 38

pressure on penis during intercourse

Front 39

Describe the functions of the two layers of the endometrium

Back 39

stratum functionalis-lines the uterine cavity, supports implantation, or sloughs off during menstruation if implantation does not occur
stratum basalis-gices rise to the stratum functionalis after each menstruation

Front 40

Compare meiosis is males and females

Back 40

males-takes place all at once; 4 functional sperm
females-takes place at different times; one functional egg & 3 polar bodies

Front 41

List the hormone(s) involved in the process:
spermatogenesis

Back 41

FSH

Front 42

List the hormone(s) involved in the process:
parturition

Back 42

oxytocin

Front 43

List the hormone(s) involved in the process:
lactation

Back 43

prolactin
oxytocin

Front 44

What are the 4 stages of the ovarian cycle

Back 44

menstrual-days 1-5
pre-ovulatory-days 6-13
ovulation-day 14
post-ovulatory-days 15-28

Front 45

What occurs during the menstrual days?

Back 45

estrogen and prolactin levels have dropped; blood flow to stratum functionalis has stopped, and the stratum functionalist starts sloughing off. FSH is the primary hormone

Front 46

What occurs during the pre-ovulatory days?

Back 46

follicles are developing-go from primary to secondary follicle; renewal of stratum functionalis has started; estrogen is higher at this time

Front 47

What occurs during ovulation

Back 47

surge in LH (&estrogen&progesterone); egg is released; surroinding cells remain in uterus eventually forming corpus luteum-produce progesterone

Front 48

What occurs during post-ovulatory days?

Back 48

progesterone is the most abundant hormone; continues rebuilding stratum functionalis

Front 49

What is the blood-testis barrier and why is it necessary

Back 49

consists of tight junctions joining sustentacular cells; separates blood from developing sperm; prevents autoimmune response to sperm

Front 50

What are 3 differences between the reproductive system and other systems

Back 50

1)not needed to live
2)not fully functional at birth
3)main differences between the sexes

Front 51

What are the secondary sexual characteristics of males?

Back 51

body and facial hair; broader shoulder, narrow hips, larger larynx

Front 52

What hormones are responsible for the secondary characteristics of males and females

Back 52

estrogen
progesterone

Front 53

What are the secondary sexual characteristics of females?

Back 53

breasts, hair, bigger hips, smaller larynx

Front 54

Describe the erection process

Back 54

vasodilation of arteries results in tissue engorgement with blood resulting in erection; nitric oxide stimulates pathway that leads to substance that starts vasodilation

Front 55

What is menopause and when does it occur?

Back 55

last menstruation; stops responding to FSH

Front 56

What are 4 stages of sexual response

Back 56

excitement
plateau
orgasm
resolution

Front 57

What occurs dring excitement?

Back 57

uterus stands up (tents) and positions itself over vagina; lubrication
male erection; increased cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscular responses

Front 58

What occurs during plateau?

Back 58

sexual flush due to vasodilation and continuation of excitement responses

Front 59

What occurs during orgasm?

Back 59

female-peristaltic contractions; dipping of uterus into seminal pool
male-peritstaltic contractions in epidydimus and ductus deferens resulting in ejactulation

Front 60

What occurs during resolution?

Back 60

female-return to pre-excitement phase
male-detumescence

Front 61

Why are the testes in the scrotum?

Back 61

few degrees cooler than body temperature to develop sperm

Front 62

Which muscles control the position of the testes

Back 62

cremaster and dartos

Front 63

What are the components of the male ejaculate? What glands produce each?

Back 63

testes, seminal vesicle, prostate, bulbourethral gland
alkaline mucus, fructose, citric acid, fibrinogen, antibiotics, prostoglandin, sperm

Front 64

Name 4 functions of sustentacular cells

Back 64

1)form the blood-testes barrier
2)receptor site for FSH
3)produce inhibin
4)regulate spermiogenesis

Front 65

How does inhibin affect spermatogenesis?

Back 65

reduces it

Front 66

How does FSH affect spermatogenesis?

Back 66

increases it