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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Breast imaging is utilized for two purposes. The first is to screen asymptomatic women for ________
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early breast cancer.
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The second is to evaluate breast abnormalities in _______ patients or patients with indeterminate screening mammograms.
a) asymptomatic b) symptomatic |
symptomatic
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Screening is accomplished with standard ____-view mammography
a) one b) two c) no |
two
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Diagnostic evaluation often requires what?
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the additional use of special mammographic views, breast US, MR, and interventional procedures.
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What are the names of the 2 routine mammogram views
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craniocaudal
mediolateral oblique (both bilateral) |
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A small carcinoma would be much more difficult to detect in the patient with
a) dense breasts b) fatty breasts |
dense
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What is the age range for
Monthly breast exams clinical breast exam every three years |
Age 20-39 – (Asymptomatic Women)
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What is the age range for
Monthly breast exam yearly clinical exam yearly mammography |
Age 40 and older – (Asymptomatic Women)
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in what age should a "baseline" mammogram be done?
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age 35
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Excluding cancers of the ____, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women in the United States, accounting for 1 of every 3 cancers diagnosed
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skin
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The chance of developing invasive breast cancer at some time in a woman's life is about 1 in __
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7 (13.4%).
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In situ carcinoma is characterized by growth within the ducts without penetration of the basement membrane. In situ carcinoma is subdivided into 2 types. What are they?
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ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and
lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). |
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Invasive carcinoma denotes neoplastic penetration of the basement membrane and extension of neoplastic cell aggregates into the mammary stroma. It is further subdivided into these types:
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ductal, 75% of all invasive breast cancers
medullary mucinous, or colloid; papillary; tubular; adenoid cystic carcinoma; and carcinoma with metaplasia. |
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______ is a type of breast cancer that starts in the breast ducts and spreads to the skin of the nipple and then to the areola.
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Paget disease of the nipple
It is rare |
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In younger patients, due to increased breast density, which may mask small cancers, additional tests such as ____, nuclear medicine study, and MRI may be useful.
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ultrasonography
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Of all of the screening mammograms performed annually, approximately __% show no evidence of cancer
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90
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10% show abnormalities that require further diagnostic testing, which typically includes the acquisition of ___ compression or magnification mammographic views and/or sonography
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spot
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On additional imaging, about __% of all cases are determined to be normal or involve benign findings that do not require further evaluation
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85
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About __% (approximately 2% of all screening mammograms) are shown to be abnormal and require biopsy
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15
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Among cases referred for biopsy, approximately __% of the abnormalities are shown to be benign,
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80
( and 20% of the abnormalities are shown to be cancerous) |
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First, breast symmetry, size, general density, and ____ distribution are observed
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glandular
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Next, a search for ____, densities, calcifications, architectural distortions, and associated findings is performed.
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masses
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Regular , well defined masses tend to be
a) benign b) malignant |
benign
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If surrounded by a halo it is
a) benign b) malignant |
benign
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If radioluscent it is
a) benign b) malignant |
benign
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If it is stable it is
a) benign b) malignant |
benign
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Irregular masses tend to be malignant
If has a _____(shape) appearance most probably malignant |
stellate
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Multiple masses may be
a) benign b) malignant c) benign or malignant |
benign or malignant
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If US of breast mass is perfectly black, it is what?
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a cyst
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If US of breast mass is imperfectly black, it is what?
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fibroadenoma
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Clustered pleomorphic microcalcifications, with or without an associated soft tissue mass, are a primary mammographic sign of
a) fibroadenoma b) cysts c) breast cancer. |
breast cancer.
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About how many of all nonpalpable cancers are manifest by calcifications alone, without an associated mass
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one third
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Any calcification with a ____ center should not cause concern
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lucent
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Calcifications with lucent centers are often located in the skin. How do you prove that they are in the skin?
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A skin marker can be placed over the calcifications and a subsequent tangential view taken to confirm their location in the skin
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Calcifications with lucent centers are also seen as a result of ___ necrosis. Such calcifications can be smooth and round, or they can be eggshell-type calcifications in the walls of an oil cyst
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fat
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Calcifications associated with malignancy are generally
a) solitary b) numerous |
numerous
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Assessment of the morphology of these calcifications by magnification views will influence this decision more than the ______ of calcifications.
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actual number
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The chest wall should be visible from top of image to where?
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middle
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In what position is the woman during the Stereotactic Biopsy?
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woman laying prone on machine
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When a radiologist localizes a breast lesion, how does the surgeon know where it is?
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needle localization
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BI-RAD CLASSIFICATION (1-5)
Category 0 - Category 1 - |
Category 0 - Need additional imaging evaluation
Category 1 - Negative |
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BI-RAD CLASSIFICATION (1-5)
Category 2 - Category 3 - |
Category 2 - Benign finding, noncancerous
Category 3 - Probably benign finding, short-interval follow-up suggested (6 month) |
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BI-RAD CLASSIFICATION (1-5)
Category 4 - Category 5 - |
Category 4 - Suspicious abnormality, biopsy considered
Category 5 - Highly suggestive of malignancy, appropriate action needed |
