Kassin Psychology Chapter 8

Front 1

group cohesiveness

Back 1

the extent to which forces push group members closer together such as through feelings of intimacy unity and commitment to group goals

Front 2

social facilitation

Back 2

process whereby the presence of others enhances performance on easy tasks but impairs performance on difficult tasks

Front 3

mere presence theory

Back 3

presence of others is sufficient to produce social facilitation effects

Front 4

evaluation apprehension theory

Back 4

presence of others will produce social facilitation effects only when those others are seen as potential evaluators

Front 5

distraction-conflict theory

Back 5

theory that the presence of others will produce social facilitation effects only when those others distract from the task and create attentional conflict

Front 6

social loafing

Back 6

group produced reduction in individual output on tasks were contributions are pooled

Front 7

collective effort model

Back 7

theory that individuals will assert effort on a collective task to the degree that they think their individual efforts will be important, relevant and meaningful for achieving outcomes that they value

Front 8

deindividuation

Back 8

loss of persons sense of individuality and the reduction of normal constraints against deviant behavior

Front 9

social identity model of de-individuation effects

Back 9

model of group behavior that explains deindividuation effects as the result of a shift from the personal identity to social identity

Front 10

process loss

Back 10

reduction in group performance due to obstacles created by group processes, such as problems of coordination and motivation

Front 11

brainstorming

Back 11

technique that attempts to increase the production of creative ideas by encouraging group members to speak freely without criticizing their own or others contributions

Front 12

group polarization

Back 12

exaggeration of initial tendencies in the thinking of group members through group discussion

Front 13

groupthink

Back 13

group decision making style characterized by an excessive tendency among group members to seek concurrence

Front 14

escalation effect

Back 14

condition in which commitments to a failing course of action are increased to justify investments already made

Front 15

biased sampling

Back 15

groups spend more time discussing shared information than lesser known information

Front 16

transactive memory

Back 16

shared system for remembering information that enables multiple people to remember information together more efficiently than they could do alone

Front 17

group support systems

Back 17

specialized interactive computer programs that are used to guide group meetings, collaborative work and decision making processes

Front 18

social dilemma

Back 18

situation in which a self interested choice by everyone will create the worst outcomes for everyone

Front 19

prisoners dilemma

Back 19

type of dilemma in which one party must make either cooperative or competitive moves in relation to another party, the dilemma is typically designed so that the competitive move appears to be in ones self interest, but if both sides make a move they suffer more than if they had cooperated

Front 20

resource dilemma

Back 20

social dilemmas involving how two or more people will share a limited resource

Front 21

graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction (GIRT)

Back 21

strategy for unilateral persistent efforts to establish trust and cooperation between opposing parties

Front 22

integrative agreement

Back 22

a negotiated resolution to a conflict in which all parties obtain outcomes that are superior to what they would have obtained from an equal division of the contexted resources