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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Drugs and Toxicity -
Adverse Effects |
1. Effects other than therapeutic
2. Pt sensitive to drug 3. Other responses undesirable 4. Pt taking too much or too little causing adverse effects |
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Primary Actions
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-From overdosage
-Extension of desired effect -EX. Bleeding from anticoagulant |
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Secondary Actions
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Side effects
EX: Antihistimine - drowsiness |
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Hypersensitivity
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Excessively responsive to either primary or secondary
EX: Kidney problems so can't excrete |
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Drug Allergy
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Body forms antibodies so immune response
Pt CANNOT be allergic to drug he has never taken...but can be allergic - drug of same class |
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Types of Allergies
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1. Anaphylatic
2. Cytotoxic 3. Serum sickness 4. Delayed allergic reaction |
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Anaphylatic
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IMMEDIATE reactions
EX - body releases histimine |
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Anaphylatic Symptoms
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SYMPTOMS - hives, rash, diff. breathing, dilated pupils, 'panic' feeling
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Anaphylatic Interventions
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PREVENTION...wear Medic-Alert
Administer Epinephrine |
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Cytotoxic Allergy
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Antibodies circulate in blood, attack antigens on cell site, killing cell. Over a few days.
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Cytotoxic Symptoms
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CBC's show damage, liver enzymes elevated, renal functions down
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Cytotoxic Interventions
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Discontine drug,
Support pt and conserve energy until allergic response over |
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Serum Sickness Allergy
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Antibodies circulate in blood, cause damage to tissues by depositing in bl. vessels.
May occur up to one week or more after exposure |
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Serum Sickness Symptoms
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Itchy rash, high fever, swollen nodes, pain in joints, edema of face and limbs
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Serum sickness interventions
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Discontinue.
Comfort for symptoms...cool env., skin care, positioning, ice to joints, anti-inflammatories |
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Delayed Allergic reaction
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Antibodies bind to specific WBC's
Several hours after exposure |
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Delayed Allergic symptoms
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Rash, hives, swollen joints - similar to poison ivy
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Delayed Allergic interventions
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Discontinue. Skin care measures. Antihistimines, topical cortocosteroids
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Drug Induced Tissue and Organ Damage
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1. Dermatological
2. Superinfections 3. Toxicity 4. Alterations in Glucose Metabolism 5. Electrolyte imbalace 6. Sensory effects 7. Neurological effects |
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Dermatology Effects
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- Rashes/hives.
- Can be fatal Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Has red papules on extremites, no pain or itching - Stomatitis - inflammation of the mucous membranes - |
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Dermatology Interventions
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Discontine
Frequent mouth care w/Stomatitis |
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Superinfections
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Normal flora (which PROTECTS) is destroyed...esp. by antibiotics
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Superinfection Symptoms
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Fever, diarrhea, hairy tongue, glossitis (swollen tongue)
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Superinfection Interventions
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Support w/ mouth care, bathroom, sm. meals, anti-fungals, discontine
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Blood Dyscrasis
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bone marrow suppression caused by drugs
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Blood Dyscrasis Assessment
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Fever, chills, weakness
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Blood Dyscrasis Intervention
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Monitor blood counts. Protect from infection (isolation), Discontinue
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Toxicity
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Liver - fever,nausea, jaundice,
chg. in urine, stool, elv. liver enzymes...DISCONTINE Poisoning...can be fatal Kidneys - chg in urinary, elv. creatine, BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) |