Karch Scf Level 1 Pharmacology Ch. 3

Front 1

Drugs and Toxicity -
Adverse Effects

Back 1

1. Effects other than therapeutic
2. Pt sensitive to drug
3. Other responses undesirable
4. Pt taking too much or too little causing adverse effects

Front 2

Primary Actions

Back 2

-From overdosage
-Extension of desired effect
-EX. Bleeding from anticoagulant

Front 3

Secondary Actions

Back 3

Side effects

EX: Antihistimine - drowsiness

Front 4

Hypersensitivity

Back 4

Excessively responsive to either primary or secondary

EX: Kidney problems so can't excrete

Front 5

Drug Allergy

Back 5

Body forms antibodies so immune response

Pt CANNOT be allergic to drug he has never taken...but can be allergic - drug of same class

Front 6

Types of Allergies

Back 6

1. Anaphylatic
2. Cytotoxic
3. Serum sickness
4. Delayed allergic reaction

Front 7

Anaphylatic

Back 7

IMMEDIATE reactions

EX - body releases histimine

Front 8

Anaphylatic Symptoms

Back 8

SYMPTOMS - hives, rash, diff. breathing, dilated pupils, 'panic' feeling

Front 9

Anaphylatic Interventions

Back 9

PREVENTION...wear Medic-Alert
Administer Epinephrine

Front 10

Cytotoxic Allergy

Back 10

Antibodies circulate in blood, attack antigens on cell site, killing cell. Over a few days.

Front 11

Cytotoxic Symptoms

Back 11

CBC's show damage, liver enzymes elevated, renal functions down

Front 12

Cytotoxic Interventions

Back 12

Discontine drug,
Support pt and conserve energy until allergic response over

Front 13

Serum Sickness Allergy

Back 13

Antibodies circulate in blood, cause damage to tissues by depositing in bl. vessels.

May occur up to one week or more after exposure

Front 14

Serum Sickness Symptoms

Back 14

Itchy rash, high fever, swollen nodes, pain in joints, edema of face and limbs

Front 15

Serum sickness interventions

Back 15

Discontinue.
Comfort for symptoms...cool env., skin care, positioning, ice to joints, anti-inflammatories

Front 16

Delayed Allergic reaction

Back 16

Antibodies bind to specific WBC's

Several hours after exposure

Front 17

Delayed Allergic symptoms

Back 17

Rash, hives, swollen joints - similar to poison ivy

Front 18

Delayed Allergic interventions

Back 18

Discontinue. Skin care measures. Antihistimines, topical cortocosteroids

Front 19

Drug Induced Tissue and Organ Damage

Back 19

1. Dermatological
2. Superinfections
3. Toxicity
4. Alterations in Glucose Metabolism
5. Electrolyte imbalace
6. Sensory effects
7. Neurological effects

Front 20

Dermatology Effects

Back 20

- Rashes/hives.
- Can be fatal Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Has red papules on extremites, no pain or itching
- Stomatitis - inflammation of the mucous membranes
-

Front 21

Dermatology Interventions

Back 21

Discontine

Frequent mouth care w/Stomatitis

Front 22

Superinfections

Back 22

Normal flora (which PROTECTS) is destroyed...esp. by antibiotics

Front 23

Superinfection Symptoms

Back 23

Fever, diarrhea, hairy tongue, glossitis (swollen tongue)

Front 24

Superinfection Interventions

Back 24

Support w/ mouth care, bathroom, sm. meals, anti-fungals, discontine

Front 25

Blood Dyscrasis

Back 25

bone marrow suppression caused by drugs

Front 26

Blood Dyscrasis Assessment

Back 26

Fever, chills, weakness

Front 27

Blood Dyscrasis Intervention

Back 27

Monitor blood counts. Protect from infection (isolation), Discontinue

Front 28

Toxicity

Back 28

Liver - fever,nausea, jaundice,
chg. in urine, stool, elv. liver enzymes...DISCONTINE

Poisoning...can be fatal

Kidneys - chg in urinary, elv. creatine, BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)