Kapitel 14 Grammar

Front 1

Perfect Tenses of the Passive Voice

Back 1

In the perfect tenses of the passive voice, the past participle of werden is worden. The past participle of werden, when it means to become, is geworden.

Present Perfect Tense:
present tense of sein + worden

Past Perfect Tense:
past tense of sein + worden

Front 2

Infinitive of the Passive Voice

Back 2

Present Passive Infinitive:
past participle AND werden

Front 3

Future Tense of the Passive Voice (Double werden)

Back 3

Auxiliary werden + passive infinitive

Die Preise werden erhöht werden, The prices will be raised.

Die Soldaten werden nach Irak geschickt werden, The soldiers will be sen to Iraq.

Front 4

Future Perfect of the Passive Voice (Rare)

Back 4

werden + past passive infinitive

Das Thema wird in einem älteren Buch behandelt worden sein, That topic will have been treated in an older book.

NB: expresses probability in the past; usually accompanied by wohl.

Front 5

Suffix -er as Occupation

Back 5

Masculine and frequently denotes an occupation.
NB: the singular and plural forms of these nouns are identical, so the plural article die is key to identifying plural forms.

Front 6

Suffix -er as Origin

Back 6

May denote male inhabitant of a continent, state, city, etc.

NB: singular and plural forms are identical

Front 7

Suffix -er as Action

Back 7

With the infinitive stem of a verb, denotes a male person engaged in activity indicated by the verb.

NB: singular and plural forms are identical

Front 8

Suffix -er as Instrument/Tool

Back 8

Occasionally denotes an instrument.

NB: singular and plural forms are identical

Front 9

Suffix -in as Occupation/Title

Back 9

Feminine and frequently denotes an occupation or title.

NB: plural forms end in -nen.

Front 10

Suffix -in as Occupation/Origin/Action

Back 10

If added to masculine suffix -er indicating occupation, inhabitant, or activity, the suffix -in indicates a female person in that category.

NB: plural forms end in -innen