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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In what specific neurons is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine used in?
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all motor neurons, autonomic preganglionic neurons, postganglionic parasympathetic fibers, and some cells of the motor cortex and basal ganglia.
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Considering the neurotransmitters clearing from the synaptic cleft, what distinguishes achetylcholine from other neurotransmitters
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enzymatic destruction is a major factor terminating transmitter action.
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Which neurotransmitters are known as biogenic amines.
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norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, seratonin, histimine
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What is the primary transmitter for postganglionic sympathetic neurons
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norepinephrine
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Which cells in the body release epinephrine?
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epinephrine is released by chromaffic cells of adrenal medulla
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Which biogenic amine is in high concentration in brain stem cells?
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seratonin
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Which biogenic amine is present in neurons of the hypothalamus
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histamine
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What is the major factor in the termination of transmitter action for the biogenic amines?
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reuptake by the presynaptic membrane
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What are two main amino acids that are main inhibitors of the CNS?
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Glycine and GABA
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Where is the function and locationof action of the glycine amino acid neurotransmitter?
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Glycine is an inhibitor transmitter in spinal interneurons
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Where is the function and locationof action of the GABA amino acid neurotransmitter?
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GABA is an inhibitor transmitter of the CNS
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What kind of potential do glycine and GABA create on their target neuron?
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GABA and glycine generate IPSP's via ligand-gated Cl- channels
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Which two amino acids are excitatory transmitters of the central nervous system?
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Glutamine and aspartate
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Where are peptide transmitters synthesized and where are nonpeptide neurotransmitters synthesized?
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nonpeptide transmitters are synthesized in nerve terminals but peptide transmitters are synthesized in the neuroncell body, pachaged in vesicles and then transported to nerve terminals
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Why is nitrous oxide a unique neurotransmitter?
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NO is lipid soluble and therefore cannot by packaged in vesicles or released by exocytosis…therefore it is SYNTHESIZED AS NEEDED!!!
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Is nitrous oxide (NO) an inhibitory or excititory NT and what nervous systmes is it found in?
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an inhibitory transmitter in the central and enteric nervous system.
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What are the main points to know about neuromodulators? (4 things)
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1. not neurotransmitters 2. Alter the sensitivity of the synaptic membranes 3. are frequently peptides 4. Act at very low concentrations but have a long duration
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What are two methods of presynaptic inhibition?
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1. Inhibitory neuron axon ending on presynaptic neuron axon and releasing GABA to stop flow if inward Calcium 2. On adrenergic neurons you have presynaptic Alpha 2 receptors which, when binded to norepinephrine inhibit the inflow of Calcium and thus prevent exocytosis of NT.
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