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241 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which Department is involved in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors?
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Oncology
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What means Breakdown of Glucose?
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Glycolysis
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What is BUN an abbreviation for?
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Blood Urea Nitrogen
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What department in the Clinical Lab detects for cancer cells?
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Cytology
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What type of patients does Ambulatory care for?
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Outpatients
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What department in the clinical lab is most often responsible for analyzing specimens for PT and APTT?
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Coagulation
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What are infections that are spread from person to person?
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Communicable
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What is the single most common source of HIV and HBV in the workplace?
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Blood
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How do we know what Protective clothing we should wear upon entering a patients room?
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Consult the sign on the patients room
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Glycolysis
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Breakdown of Glucose
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Under the Universal precautions when should a phlebotomist wash their hands?
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After every patients, once gloves are removed
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Who regulates safe working conditions for patients?
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OSHA
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Who is osha and what does it stand for?
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration. They regulate safe working conditions for employees.
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What is it called when we treat all specimens as if they are hazardous?
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Standard universal precautions
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What are chemical compounds we use on Surfaces to Kill or remove microorganisms?
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Disinfectants
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What document legally mandates precautions to minimize occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens?
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OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
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What agency mandates national surveillance of Health Care Workers' accidental exposures?
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CDC
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Who is in Charge of infection control at Hospitals
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JCAHO
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What does distal mean?
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Farthest from the point of attachment
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What type of fire extinguisher is used for ordinary combustibles?
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A
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What system maintains electrolyte balance?
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Urinary
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What is the cellular elements of the blood that function in coagulation?
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Thrombocyte
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What does the pancreas release that has a major effect on blood glucose levels?
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insulin
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Where do we find oxygenated blood?
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Arteries
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What type of the blood does the pulmonary artery carry?
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Deoxygenated Blood
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What is the bodies ability to maintain equilibrium or steady state?
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Homeostasis
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What is the sagittal Plane of the body?
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The plane that divides the body into right and left halves
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What kind of blood does a vein carry?
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Deoxygenated Blood towards the heart
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What kind of blood has o Anticoagulant?
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Serum
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What are capillaries?
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Microscopic Blood Vessels that link arterioles and venules
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If a patient refuses a simple venipuncture what should be done?
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Leave the patient and notify the nurse
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Why is skin puncture preferred over venipuncture for infants for the collection of blood vessels?
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To prevent anemia
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What do you do if you come across an unconscious patient patient who does not have an id band on their body, but the name on the door matches the chart you brought in?
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Do not draw the patient until the nurse has applied an ID bracelet
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What is the purpose of warming the site before a skin puncture?
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It increases the blood flow up to 7 times.
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What is inflammation of bone and cartilage caused by puncturing the bone?
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Osteohondritis
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What tests take priority in the LAB?
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STAT- ER testing
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Skin Puncture blood reference values (normals) are higher for what type of test?
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Glucose
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What is the preferred site for a heel stick?
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Anteromedial Aspect
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What do you answer to a patient who is getting a glucose test who asks if it is for Diabetes?
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Tell them it is best to discuss this with their Physician.
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What is Osteochondritis?
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The inflammation of bone and cartilage caused by puncturing the bone
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Why do we avoid the index finger for skin puncture?
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The increased number of nerve endings
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Phleb means...
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Vein
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Tomy means...
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Cutting/Incision
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What were surgeons of the short robe?
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Barbers who only did small duities such as Bloodletting, wound surgery, cupping, leeching, shaving, extraction of teeth and administered enemas (they were not allowed to perform surgery)
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What is the purpose of the valve in a vein?
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To prevent the blood flow of blood back into the extremities
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What is an overproduction of Red Blood cells?
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Polycythemia
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What is an excess of iron deposits in the tissue called?
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Hemochromatosis
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What vein carries Oxygenated blood?
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Pulmonary Vein
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What are the 3 main purposes of phlebotomy?
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Monitor patient and analyze or diagnose.
2. Blood Donation 3. Therapeutic Purposes (polycythemia- overproduction of RBC) and Hemochromatosis-excess iron deposits in tissue) |
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Who discovered the purpose of valves in the veins?
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William Harvey
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Who were surgeons of the Long Robe?
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Doctors/ Physicians who were allowed to do all that short robe surgeons could plus medical surgeries
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What are some of the main things we should ask ourselves when deciding to become a phlebotomist?
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1.can we ensure quality at all times
2.Will we report errors in the best intrest of our patients. 3. are we willing to delay personal interests to meet customer needs? |
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What are some things we should remember about confidentiality?
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Dont share unnecessary information make sure to cover up patient sheets and info at all times, do not discuss anything about a patient unnecessarily.
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What are ethics?
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Moral Duty
The right decision and the right thing to do, knowing the difference between right and wrong. |
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WHat is honesty?
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Refusal to lie cheat or steal.
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What is integrity?
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Dedication to high standards and always doing the right thing no matter who is watching, maintaining those high standards.
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What is an Outpatient/ or an ambulatory patient?
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A patient who does not need to stay overnight, they usually "walk" in for their services, or come to the facility for service themselves.
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What are the 2 types of care one can receive in an outpatient setting?
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Primary Care-General practitioner type care
Secondary Care- specialists |
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What is Primary Care?
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Care given by a general practitioner.
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What is Secondary Care?
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Care given by a Specialist.
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What is Tertiary Care?
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Care given in a facility that they must stay at for a minimum of 1 night. (surgery is an example)
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What type of care occurs at an inpatient facility?
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Tertiary Care-surgeries requiring an overnight stay.
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What is Medicare?
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Federally funded care for the disabled or those over 65
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What is Medicade or medi-cal?
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Care for the low income bracket.
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What is Managed Care?
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The category of care that houses PPO and HMO type services.
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What is an HMO?
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Healthcare Maintenance Organization
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What is a PPO?
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Preferred Provider Organization
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What is a Cash Payment type of Care?
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Care where you pay cash to the physician directly or company providing service. such as a concierge doctor
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What does Path Mean?
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Disease or Illness
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What is ology?
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The study of
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What does Pathology mean?
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The study of disease or illnesses
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What area of the lab do we focus on?
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Clinical Pathology
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What does Clinical Chemistry focus on?
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Blood or urine samples to diagnose or monitor a patients state of health or disease
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What are some examples of the tests done in Chemical Chemistry?
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glucose, electrolytes cholesterol.
also: ALT,Albumin, Alcohol, ALP, Amonia, Amylase and Lipase, ABG's, AST, Bilirubin, BUN(for kidney Disorder), Calcium, Cholesterol, CK(heart enzyme), Triponin I&T, Lytes, glucose, HCG Hormone, Lithium Li, Magnesium, PSA, Triglycerides, Chem Panel |
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What does the Special Chemistry and toxicology part of the lab focus on?
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The study of poisons, drugs illegal or not, alcohol and metals
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What does the hematology department focus on?
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They identify diseases of the blood and blood forming tissues such as leukemia anemia and infection
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What are some examples of common tests Hematology will do?
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CBC
ESR Retic Count |
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What does BUN test for?
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Kidney Disorder
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What is the test run if someone if having heart problems?
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CK Troponin I&T
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What does the HCG Hormone test testing for?
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Pregnancy
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What does PSA screen for?
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Prostatic Cancer
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What tests do we run to check on the waste removed by the Kidneys? and what Department is it tested in?
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BUN
Creatinine Uric Acid Chemistry Department |
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What are the electrolytes we test for?
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Sodium, Potassium, Chloride and Carbon Dioxide
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What are the most common tests performed in Hematology?
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CBC
ESR Retic Count |
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What are the common Tests performed in the Coagulation Department?
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APTT
BT:Bleeding Time Fibrinogen PT |
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What are the common tests performed in the Blood Bank?
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Blood Group and Type ABORh
Type and Crossmatch |
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What are the common tests performed in the Immunology Department?
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HIV
Cold Agglutinins HBsAG Hep C RPR (syphilis) |
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What tests do the microbiology part of the lab perform?
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Blood Culture and Culture and sensitivity.
They detect bacteria |
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What are the common Urine Analysis tests?
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HCG- Urine Hormone Test
UA |
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What does the Coagulation Department do?
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determines how well blood clots.
PT and PTT determine blood clotting. |
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What is the RPR test for?
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Rapid plasma regain- for syphilis
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What is the microbiology department responsible for?
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analyze specimens for the presence or absence of microorganisms.
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What are the subsections of the microbiology department?
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Bacteriology
Parasitology Mycology Anaerobes Virology |
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What does bloodbanking do?
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Donor Centers, store non clotted whole blood, store plasma, they test for blood type and crossmatching
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What does immunology department do?
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they test for infections of the immune system.
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What does cytology do?
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They examine body fluids and tissues for evidence of abnormalities.
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What does histology do?
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They prepare tissue specimines for the pathologist (Biopsy's)
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What does the Cytology Department do?
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They look for chromosomal deficiencies related to genetic diseases.
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What does the urinalysis department do?
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Look for chemical and Physical abnormalities as well as the presence of bacteria in urine.
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What is point of care testing?
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Testing done at the bedside for immediate treatment- such as glucose tests
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What is an infection?
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The invasion of a microorganism into the body- once multiplies results in an injury or disease.
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What is Infection Control?
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Measures taken to prevent the spread of infectious disease.
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What is JCAHO?
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The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations. They only deal with Hospitals
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Who Mandates infection control Programs within a Hospital?
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JCAHO
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What is the organization the deals with safety at work?
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OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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What is the most important means of spreading infection?
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Hand washing
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What do we assume when entering an isolation patients room?
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That everything is contaminated
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What is PPE?
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Personal Protective Equipment
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What is the purpose of PPE?
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To create a physical barrier
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What is the PPE order of putting on PPE?
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Gown Mask Gloves
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What is the PPE order of removing PPE?
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Gloves Mask Gown
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Besides gloves what other item of PPE should we have on at all times?
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Lab Coat
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What kind of respirators do we use?
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N95
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What is a sharps?
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Any item that can break through the skin
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What is the maximum fill level for a sharps container?
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80%
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What tubes are made of glass?
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Red, Yellow Culture yellow compatibility and royal blue
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What is the best and easiest disinfectant?
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10% bleach
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How long does diluted bleach last for?
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24 hours
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What is asepsis?
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It means getm gree
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What does an antiseptic do?
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It prevents the growth of germs, it is only for the skin.
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What does an antiseptic NOT do?
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It does not kill organisms, it just prevents their growth
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What do we di when our work area becomes soiled?
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It is regulated that when it becomes visibly soiled we must clean it. But remember to always use our best judgement
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How often must our work area be disinfected?
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Every 24 hours or once it becomes soiled
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Who Mandates employers to ensure safe working conditions?
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OSHA
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What kind of pathogens live mainly in the blood?
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Bloodborne pathogens
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What virus can live the longest without a host and how long can it survive?
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HBV can live up to one week.
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What is the most frequently occurring lab associated infection?
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Hep B
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How do you get a Hep B infection?
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It is a series of 3 shots.
the initial shot 1 month later 6 months after initial shot |
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If an employee is stuck with a needle what procedures should we follow?
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Tested for HIV
Source patient tested for HIV and HBV is permission is granted Given immune globuilin Coundeled and tested at periodic intervals employee alerted about acute viral symptoms |
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What do you do if you are splashed with a specimin?
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Rinse for 10 minutes minimum
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What do you do if you are following Universal Precautions?
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Assume everyone is infected
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What is infectious waste
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Any waste that has a potential to carry disease
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What is Solid waste?
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Nothing hazardous, recycling as well
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What do we refer to regarding chemicals in the lab
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MSDS sheets
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What equipment is pour most commonly used electric item?
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Centrifuge
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What is PASS?
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Pull Pin
Aim the Nozzle Squeeze the trigger Sweep nozzle back and forth |
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What is RACE?
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Rescue
Alarm Confine Extinguish |
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What extinguisher do we use for Electrical fires, motors and switches
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Class C
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What extinguisher do we use for Flammable liquids, Grease, Gas, Paints and oils
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Class B
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What fire extinguisher do we use for Flammable metals or magnesium
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Class D
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What fire extinguisher do we use for Ordinary fires, wood, paper cloth
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Class A
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How do we cleanup for a Biohazard spill?
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Spill Kit
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What do class ABC fire extinguishers use to extinguish?
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Dry Chemical Reagents to smother the fire
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What 3 things must we do when around radiation?
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Distance- How close are we to the patient.
Shielding- What is out current PPE Time-limit the time in there |
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How do we handle a patient with a radioactive implant?
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Check with the nurse for instructions and draw blood as quickly and as safely as possible.
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What is HazCom?
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OSHA's hazard communication standard that requires every chemical bottle be labeled with:
Warning Nature of Hazard Special Precautiuons 1st aid treatment |
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What is the general rule when watering down an acid?
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Add acid to the water not water to the acid
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What does blue stand for on the National Fire Protection Labeling System?
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Blue is the health Hazard number
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What does Ree stand for on the National Fire Protection System
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Red stands for the fire or flamibility standard
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What does Yellow Stand for on the National Fire Protection System>
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Stability or reactivity standards
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What goes in the white diamond on the fire protection association labeling system?
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Other specific standards such as Radioactive or Water reactive
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What must we do if we have a chemical splash on the face or body
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Chemical splash requires rinsing with water for a minimum of 15 minutes.
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What is the most common cause of fainting while giving blood?
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It is psychological do to having blood drawn. caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain.
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What is ergonomics?
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The study of working conditions
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Anatonomy refers to what?
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The structural composition of the body or what it is made of
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What is anatomic Position?
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Standing up with eyes and palms facing forward.
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What is Prone?
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Lay down with face down and palms down
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What is Supine>
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Lay on Back in the anatomical POsition
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What is the frontal plane
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Verticle line separating body from front to back
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What is the sagittal plane?
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Vertical cut from right to left
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What is mid saggital
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Equal split from side to side right down the middle
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what is the Transverse plane?
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To be cut horizontally separating the upper and lower halves
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How does a cat scan take pictures?
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Through the transverse plane
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What is an MRI
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WHen all 3 planes are photographed
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What is Anterior?
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Front (aka Ventral)
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What is Posterior?
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Back Aka dorsal
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What is external?
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Outside/superficial
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What is Medial?
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Center towards the middle
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What is Internal
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Inside/deep
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What is lateral?
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Away from center of the body (dotards the diodes of the body
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What is Proximal
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Near to the Center
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What is Distal?
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Situated farthest from the center of origin.
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What is Superior?
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Top or Cranal, towards the head
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What is inferior
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Bottom towards the feet (far from the head
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What is inside the dorsal cavity?
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Top of brain and spine
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What is in the ventral Cavity
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Thoracic (heart and lungs)
Abdominal cavity (stomach liver pancreas gall bladder spleen kidneys) Pelvic (urinary bladder and reproductive organs |
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What is Homeostasis?
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Balanced or steady state/staying the same
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What is catabolism
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destruction or breakdown
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What is anabolism?
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Contructive or to make
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What is a cell?
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The small structure that is the basic structural unit of all life
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What are tissues?
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Groups of cells working together .
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What types of tissues do we have
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Connective
epithelial muscle nerve |
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What do connective Tissues do?
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Support and connect all body parts
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What do epithelial tissues do?
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Covers and protects the body organs and cavities
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What does muscle tide do?
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Contracts to prolong movement
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What do nerve tissues do?
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They transmit electrical impulses
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What is the most important part of the cell?
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The Nucleus
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What are the different types of bones in the body?
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Flat Irregular Long and Short
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What Specials work with the Skeletal System?
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Orthopedics, Oncology, Rheumatoligist
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What is the Bursa Sac?
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the joints that connect bones are called the bursa and they have this sac filled with synovial fluid
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What types of muscles are there?
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Skeletal
Visceral (smooth) Cardiac |
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What types of tissues do we have
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Connective
epithelial muscle nerve |
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What do connective Tissues do?
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Support and connect all body parts
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What do epithelial tissues do?
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Covers and protects the body organs and cavities
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What does muscle tide do?
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Contracts to prolong movement
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What do nerve tissues do?
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They transmit electrical impulses
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What is the most important part of the cell?
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The Nucleus
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What are the different types of bones in the body?
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Flat Irregular Long and Short
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What Specials work with the Skeletal System?
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Orthopedics, Oncology, Rheumatoligist
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What is the Bursa Sac?
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the joints that connect bones are called the bursa and they have this sac filled with synovial fluid
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What types of muscles are there?
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Skeletal
Visceral (smooth) Cardiac |
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What is the largest organ in the body?
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Skin
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What are the 3 layers of Skin?
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Epidermis
Dermis Subcutaneous Layer |
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What causes goose bumbs
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Arrector Pili
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What is also known as the Master Gland and Why?
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Pituitary Gland because it controls the other glands
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What are the islets of langerhans?
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They are located in the pancreas and they secrete insulin and glucagon
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What do the kidneys secrete into the blood stream?
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Renin and it increases blood pressure
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What is a goiter
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An enlarged Thyroid
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What are the 3 functions of the digestive system?
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Take in food
Break it down into a form that can be absorbed Eliminate waste |
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What is the most common function of the respiratory system?
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Exchange gases between the blood and air
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What are the 3 layers of the heart?
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Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
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How often does the heart pump?
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Every 8 seconds
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What is Systolic?
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The phase of a heart beat when it contracts
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What is diastolic?
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The phase of a heart beat where the heart relazes
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What initiates electrical impulses in the heart
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The SA node or pacemaker
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What is a normal heart beat?
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One that beats every 60-80 Seconds
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What is an erythrocyte?
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a red blood cell
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What is a Reticulocyte?
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a RBC with a nucleus because it is an immature RBC
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What is the lifespan of a RBC?
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120 Days
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What is the percentage of blood that is Plasma?
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55%
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What is the percentage of blood that is formed elements?
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45%
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What is the job of a RBC?
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to transport gases
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What is a leukocyte?
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A White blood Cell
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What is the main function of a WBC?
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to destroy pathogens through phaygocytosis.
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What is agglutination?
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When the blood clumps together?
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What is Lysis
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The break down of RBC think cherries
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What are thrombocytes?
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Platelets
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What is the lifespan of a platelet?
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10 days
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How do blood orders begin?
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With a physicians orders
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When does a requisition become a legal document?
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Once the patients name is on it
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What does the ICD-9 do?
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It is a code to prove the necessity of the test
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What is the basal stste for patients?
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The state where they have not eated for 12 hours and are in a still in a bed position
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What is the reference range?
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Range considered normal for lab tests
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Who has a higher basal state between men and women?
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Men
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What is the deepest a lancet can go for a skin puncture?
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2.0 mm according to CLSI
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What tests cannot be performed through a skin puncture?
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ESR
Coagulation studies requiring plasma Blood Cultures Any test requiring a large amount of plasma |
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What is cyanotic?
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Purple looking skin
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What is the most important things to remember about PKU paper?
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To dry horizontally fpr 3 hours
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What color is a 21 gauge needle?
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Green
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What are the most common needle sizes?
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21&22
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What is the most important part of the tube holder?
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Flanges
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