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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define "Atom" |
The smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element, consisting of a nucleus containing combinations of neutrons and protons and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus by electrical attraction; the number of protons determines the identity of the element.
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Define "Nucleus"
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The positively charged mass within an atom, composed of neutrons and protons, and possessing most of the mass but occupying only a small fraction of the volume of the atom.
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Define "Mass Number"
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The number of nucleons (neutrons and protons in the nucleus)
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Define "Atomic Number"
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Denotes the number of protons in the nucleus (or the number of electrons outside the nucleus).
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Define "Proton"
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A positively charged elementary particle that is a fundamental constituent of all atomic nuclei. It is the lightest and most stable baryon, having a charge equal in magnitude to that of the electron, a spin of ½, and a mass of 1.673 × 10− 27 kg. Symbol: P
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Define "Neutron"
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An elementary particle having no charge, mass slightly greater than that of a proton, and spin of ½ : a constituent of the nuclei of all atoms except those of hydrogen.
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Define "Electron"
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An elementary particle that is a fundamental constituent of matter, having a negative charge of 1.602 × 10 −19 coulombs, a mass of 9.108 × 10 −31 kilograms, and spin of 1 / 2 , and existing independently or as the component outside the nucleus of an atom.
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Define "Isotone"
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having the same number of
neutrons but different number of protons |
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Define "Isobar"
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with the same number of nucleons but
different number of protons |
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Define "Isomer"
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Containing the same number of protons as well
as neutrons. Represents identical atoms except that they differ in their nuclear energy states. |
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What is 1 AMU
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An AMU is defined as 1/12 of the mass of a 1~C nucleus, a carbon isotope. Thus the nucleus of 1~C is arbitrarily assigned the mass equal to 12 amu. In basic units of mass, |
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Define "Atomic Weight"
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The mass of an atom expressed in terms of amu
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Define "Mass Defect"
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The mass of an atom is not exactly equal to the sum of the masses of constituent particles. The reason for this is that, when the nucleus is formed, a certain mass is destroyed and converted into energy that acts as a "glue" to keep the nucleons together.
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Define "Binding energy"
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An amount of energy equal to the mass defect that is supplied to separate the nucleus into individual nucleons.
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Define "Bohr's Model"
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The electrons revolve around the nucleus in specific orbits and are prevented from leaving the atom by the centripetal force of attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electron.
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Define "Radiation"
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The emission and propagation of energy through space or a material medium.
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Define "Particulate Radiation"
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Energy propagated by traveling corpuscles that have a definite rest mass and within limits have a definite momentum and defined position at any instant.
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What are elementary particles?
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Elementary particles have either zero or unit charge (equal to that of an electron).
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Define the "Wave Model"
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Electromagnetic radiation constitutes the mode of energy propagation for such phenomena as light, heat, radio waves, microwaves, ultraviolet, x-rays, and y-rays. The wave nature of electromagnetic radiation can be demonstrated by experiments involving phenomena such as interference and diffraction.
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Define the "Quantum Model"
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Behavior of electromagnetic radiation such as photoelectric effect and Compton scattering can only be explained by considering their particle or quantum nature.
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What is Avogadro's law? |
Every gram atomic weight of a substance contains the same number of atoms. |
