Kaccayana - Sandhi Chapter

Front 1

1. 1. Attho akkharasaññāto

Back 1

Alphabets/ Letters = Akkhara

Front 2

2. 2. Akkharā p' ādayo ekacattālīsaṃ

Back 2

Starting from ‘A’ are 41 letters

Front 3

3. 3. Tatth' odantā sarā aṭṭha

Back 3

8 vowels: a, ā, i, ī, u, ū, e, o

Front 4

4. 4. Lahumattā tayo rassā

Back 4

3 short vowels: a, i, u

Front 5

5. 5. Aññe dīghā

Back 5

Others long vowels: ā, ī, ū, e, o

Front 6

6. 8. Sesā byañjanā

Back 6

The rest are consonants

Front 7

7. 9. Vaggā pañcapañcaso mantā

Back 7

Grouping as five sets of five

Front 8

8. 10. Aṃ iti niggahitaṃ

Back 8

Ṃ thus called niggahitaṃ

Front 9

9. 11. Parasamaññā payoge

Back 9

Other terms may be applied

Hint 9

i.e. ghosa, aghosa, lopa, savaṇṇa, saṃyoga, liṇga, etc

Front 10

10. 12. Pubbam adhoṭhitam assaraṃ sarena viyojaye

Back 10

Front Consonant to be seperated, stands below the vowel's corner

Hint 10

Notes : this sutta is not useful in Roman writing style

Front 11

11. 14. Naye paraṃ yutte

Back 11

In the way of connecting with the back letter

Hint 11

Notes : this sutta is not useful in Roman writing style

Front 12

12. 13. Sarā sare lopaṃ

Back 12

Yassindriyāni (yassa + indriyāni)

Hint 12

front vowel disappear

Front 13

13. 15. Vā paro asarūpā

Back 13

Cattārome (cattāro + ime)

Hint 13

back vowel disappear

Front 14

14. 16. Kvac' āsavaṇṇaṃ lutte

Back 14

Bandhusse’va (Bandhussa + iva)

Hint 14

e, o replacement

Front 15

15. 17. Dīghaṃ

Back 15

Saddhī’dha (Saddhā + idha)

Hint 15

lengthen back vowel

because of front vowel

Front 16

16. 18. Pubbo ca (dīghaṃ )

Back 16

Kiṃsū’dha (Kiṃsu + idha)

Hint 16

front vowel also (lengthen)

Front 17

17. 19. Yam edantass' ādeso

Back 17

My’āyaṃ (Me + ayaṃ)

Hint 17

e becomes y

Front 18

18. 20. Vam od-udantānaṃ

Back 18

Athakhv’assa (Athakho + assa).

Vatthv’ettha (Vatthu + ettha).

Hint 18

o, u becomes v

Front 19

19. 22. Sabbo caṃ ti

Back 19

Acc’antaṃ (ati + antaṃ)

Hint 19

ti becomes c

Front 20

20. 27. Do dhassa ca

Back 20

Ekam’id’āhaṃ (ekaṃ + idha + ahaṃ)

Hint 20

dh becomes d

Front 21

21. 21. Ivaṇṇo yaṃ navā

Back 21

Nadyā’sanno (nadi + āsanno)

Hint 21

i, ī becomes y

Front 22

22. 28. Evādissa ri pubbo ca rasso

Back 22

Tathariva (tathā + eva)

Hint 22

e in eva becomes ri

shorten front vowel

Front 23

23. 36. Sarā pakati byañjane

Back 23

Manopubbaṅgamā (mano + pubbaṅgamā)

Hint 23

Front vowel keep original because of back consonant

Front 24

24. 35. Sare kvaci

Back 24

Ko imaṃ (ko + imaṃ)

Hint 24

Sometimes (keep original) because of back vowel

Front 25

25. 37. Dīghaṃ

Back 25

Munī care (muni + care)

Hint 25

*Difference from above dīghaṃ: because of back consonant

Front 26

26. 38. Rassaṃ

Back 26

Bhavādi nāma (bhavādī + nāma)

Front 27

27. 39. Lopañ ca tatrākāro

Back 27

Sa sīlavā (so + sīlavā)

Hint 27

a comes because of vowel disappearance

Front 28

28. 40. Para dvebhāvo ṭhāne

Back 28

Idhappamādo (idha +pamādo)

Hint 28

double back consonant

Front 29

29. 42. Vagge ghosāghosānaṃ tatiya-paṭhamā

Back 29

Yatraṭṭhitaṃ (yatra + ṭhitaṃ)

Hint 29

double according to group

Front 30

30. 58. Aṃ byañjane niggahitaṃ

Back 30

Evaṃ vutte

Hint 30

Ṃ keeps original, because of back consonant

Front 31

31. 49. Vaggantaṃ vā vagge

Back 31

Evaṅ kho (evaṃ kho)

Hint 31

Ṃ change to the last letter of each group, because of the back vagga

Front 32

32. 50. E-he ñaṃ

Back 32

Taññeva (taṃ eva)

Evañhi (evaṃ hi)

Hint 32

Ṃ change to Ñ, because of E-H

Front 33

33. 51. Sa ye ca

Back 33

Saññogo (saṃ + yogo)

Hint 33

Together with Y also (change to ñ)

Front 34

34. 52. Ma-dā sare

Back 34

Tamahaṃ (taṃ + ahaṃ)

Etadavoca (etaṃ + avoca)

Hint 34

Ṃ changes to M-D because of back vowel

Front 35

35. 34. Ya-va-ma-da-na-ta-ra-lā c' āgamā

Back 35

Yathayidaṃ (yathā + idaṃ)

Hint 35

The coming of Y, V, M, D, N, T, R, L

Front 36

36. 47. Kvaci o byañjane

Back 36

Atippagokho (Atippa + kho)

Hint 36

Sometimes O (coming) because of back consonant

Front 37

37. 57. Niggahitañ ca

Back 37

Avaṃsiro (ava + siro)

Hint 37

ṃ also (coming)

Front 38

38. 53. Kvaci lopaṃ

Back 38

Tāsāhaṃ (tāsāṃ + ahaṃ)

Hint 38

sometimes ṃ disappear

(because of back vowel)

Front 39

39. 54. Byañjane ca

Back 39

Ariyasaccānadassanaṃ (ariyasaccānaṃ + dassanaṃ)

Hint 39

because of back consonant, ṃ also (disappear)

Front 40

40. 55. Paro vā saro

Back 40

Abhinanduṃti (abhinanduṃ + iti)

Hint 40

back vowel disappear

because of niggahitaṃ

Front 41

41. 56. Byañjano ca visaññogo

Back 41

Evaṃsate (evaṃ + assate)

Hint 41

non double consonant

Front 42

42. 32. Go sare puthass' āgamo kvaci

Back 42

Putha geva (putha + eva)

Hint 42

Putha group

g coming

Front 43

43. 33. Pāssa c' anto rasso

Back 43

Pageva (pā + eva)

Hint 43

Pā group

g coming

ā shorten

Front 44

44. 24. Abbho abhi

Back 44

Abbhudīritaṃ (abhi + udīritaṃ)

Front 45

45. 25. Ajjho adhi

Back 45

Ajjhokāso (adhi + okāso)

Front 46

46. 26. Te na vā ivaṇṇe

Back 46

Abhiccitaṃ (abhi + icchitaṃ).

Adhīritaṃ (adhi + īritaṃ)

Hint 46

i, ī not include in above 2 rules

(prohibit sutta)

Front 47

47. 23. Atissa c' antassa

Back 47

Atisighaṇo (ati + isighaṇo)

Hint 47

i, ī alsonot include in rules no.19

(ti here not becomes c)

Front 48

48. 43. Kvaci paṭi patissa

Back 48

Paṭaggi (pati + aggi).

Paṭihaññati (pati + haññati)

Hint 48

Pati group

ṭ replacement

Front 49

49. 44. Puthass' u byañjane

Back 49

Puthujjano (putha + jano)

Hint 49

Putha group

u replacement

Front 50

50. 45. O avassa

Back 50

Onaddho (ava + naddho)

Front 51

51. 59. Anupadiṭṭhānaṃ vuttayogato

Back 51

Ariyo(ayi + ro)

Tadamināpi (taṃ + imināpi)

Hint 51

Rule which is not available here should be made by combining what was said above