K-State Comps 2012 Research Methods Review

Front 1

Quantitative Research

Back 1

-studies relationships and sometimes looks for cause and effect relationship
-describes the current condition in education
-state and test a specific hypothesis because the researcher and knows construct

Hint 1

-conduct in controlled environment under controlled conditions
-little reaction with participants because data collection through size
-sample size dependent on the population that they want to look
-must be big enough to make generalization

Front 2

Qualitative Research

Back 2

-sample size small because type of data takes time to collect, more doesn't mean better results
-individuals chosen b/c they meet a certain criteria
-data collect in the form of narrative or visual form

Hint 2

-hypothesis not stated before data collection because uncertain what they will find
-doesn't jump to conclusion looks for alternate explanation

Front 3

Correlation research

Back 3

research that involves collecting data to determine whether and to what degree a relation exists between 2 or more variables

Front 4

Experimental research

Back 4

research in which at least on independent variable is manipulated, other relevant variables are controlled, and the effects on one or more dependent variables is observed

Front 5

Causal comparative research

Back 5

research that attempts to determine the cause or reason for existing differences in the behavior or status of group of individuals

Front 6

Ethics in Researching

Back 6

-end do not justify the means and researchers must not put the need or desire to carry out a study above the responsibility to maintain the well being of stud participants
-behave in a trustworthy manner just as they expect participants to behave in the same manner

Front 7

ASCA Ethics

Back 7

1) Beneficence
2) nonmaleficence
3) fidelity and responsibility
4) integrity
5) justice and respect of people's rights and dignity

Front 8

Ethics: Qualitative

Back 8

researchers are personally engaged in research context, which may cause some unintended influences on objectivity and data interpretation

Front 9

Convenience Sampling

Back 9

Quantitative: process of including whoever happens to be available in the sample
-hard to describe the population

Front 10

Purpose Sampling

Back 10

Quantitative: process of selecting a sample that is believe to be representative of given population
-inaccuracy in researcher's criteria

Front 11

Quota Sampling

Back 11

Quantitative: process of selecting a sample based on required, exact # of individuals or groups with varying characteristics

Front 12

Intensity Sampling

Back 12

Qualitative: selecting participants who permit study of different levels of the research topic

Front 13

Homogeneous sampling

Back 13

Qualitative: selecting participants who are very similar in experience, perspective or outlook

Front 14

Criterion sampling

Back 14

Qualitative: selecting all cases that meet sum set of criteria or have some characteristic
(ex: students held back 2 consecutive years)

Front 15

Snowball sampling

Back 15

Qualitative: selecting a few people who fit researcher's need then using those to identify others, until sufficient number of participants

Front 16

Random purpose sampling

Back 16

Qualitative: selecting more participants than needed for the study

Front 17

Consequential validity

Back 17

observe and determine whether the test has adverse consequences for test takers

Front 18

stability

Back 18

test-retest reliability: stability of scores over time

2 times = same test

Front 19

Equivalence

Back 19

Alternate forms reliability: relationship between two versions of a test intended to be equivalent

Front 20

Equivalence and Stability

Back 20

relationship between equivalent versions of a test given 2 different time that correlates over time

2 versions = 2 times

Front 21

Internal consistency

Back 21

extent to which the items in a test are similar to one another in content

(Split half test)

Front 22

Independent Variable

Back 22

hypothesized cause of the dependent variable mostly used in experimental and causal comparative students; must have two level of treatments

Front 23

nominal scale

Back 23

classifies persons or object in 2 or more groups

(boys and girls)

Front 24

ordinal scale

Back 24

measurement scale that classifies and ranks them in terms of the degree to which they possess a characteristic of interests

Front 25

Interval scale

Back 25

a measurement scale that classifies and ranks subjects based on predetermined equal interval; no true zero
(class rank)

Front 26

Ratio scale

Back 26

a measurement scale that classifies subject and ranks them, based on a predetermined equal interval, and has true zero point

Front 27

Descriptive statistics

Back 27

data analysis techniques that enables a researcher to describe many pieces of data meaningful with numerical indices

Front 28

Inferential statistics

Back 28

data analysis techniques for determining how likely it is that results obtained from a sample are the same results that would have been obtained for the entire population

Front 29

Evaluation Research

Back 29

widely used in all kinds of research, it helps individuals make decisions about programs. Data is collected and analyzed by the researcher to look at different aspects of a program

Front 30

Action Research

Back 30

completed by individuals in the teaching-learning environment, who gather data about their particular school

Front 31

Sample size for Quantitative

Back 31

-large enough so that the results can be generalized about the given population
-represent all of the population that is being addressed in the study

Front 32

Sample size: Qualitative

Back 32

-small
-needs to represent the range of potential participants that may be related to that particular study

Front 33

Ethnographic research

Back 33

the study of cultural patterns and perspectives of participants in their natural setting
1) decide on site
2) negotiate entry
3) ease into research

Front 34

Narrative Research

Back 34

the study of how different humans experience the world around them, involves a methodology that allows people to tell stories of their live

Hint 34

1) Id purpose of research study
2) Id individuals
3) develop initial narrative research questions
4) consider researcher role
5) develop data collection method
6) collaborate with participant