Jz Uhcl Cellular Physiology Final Exam

Front 1

pH gradient drives import of *** and ***.

Back 1

pyruvate
phosphate

Front 2

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1) Actin is *** wide.
2) Intermediate filaments are *** wide.
3) Microtubules are *** wide.

Back 2

1) 7 nm
2) 10 nm
3) 25 nm

Front 3

--- States of Actin Filaments ---
1)
2)
3)

Back 3

1) Nucleation
2) Elongation
3) Steady State

Front 4

NADH yields...
NADH2 yields...

Back 4

2 e-
3 e-

Front 5

--- Microtubules ---
Composed of # ***...

Back 5

13 protofilaments

Front 6

1) A *** determines where mRNA is translated.
2) After translation it's cleaved by *** ***.

Back 6

1) 20-26 AA sequence
2) cleaved --- signal peptidase

Front 7

Eukaryotic cells contain these types of cytoskeletal filaments.
1)
2)
3)

Back 7

1) microfilaments
2) intermediate filaments
3) microtubules

Front 8

1) *** *** takes place in microtubules.
2) *** *** takes place in actin.

Back 8

1) Dynamic instability
2) Tread milling

Front 9

--- Microtubules ---
1) Accidental loss of *** *** causes rapid shrinkage and its gain causes rapid growth.

Back 9

1) GTP cap

Front 10

Draw the flagellum.

Back 10

Front 11

--- Flagellum ---
1) # outer *** microtubules.
2) # central *** microtubules.

Back 11

1) 9 --- doublet
2) 2 --- singlet

Front 12

--- G-Protein Linked Receptor ---
1) # transmembrane segments
2) AKA ***

Back 12

1) 7
2) serpentine

Front 13

--- Flagellum ---
Name Inner Parts...

Back 13

(2) Inner Sheath
(2) Central singlet microtubule

Front 14

Insulin is a ***

Back 14

TKR

Front 15

--- Flagellum ---
Name Outer Parts... inside to outside

Back 15

1) Radial Spoke
2/3) Inner/Outer dynein arm
4) Nexin
5/6) Outer doublet microtubule(complete A / incomplete B microtubule)

Front 16

--- G-Protein ---
1) *** with # subunits
2) called ***, ***, and ***.

Back 16

1) Trimeric --- 7
2) α, β, and γ

Front 17

1) ***: AA peptide on ***-terminus keeping proteins in ER(even Golgi)
2) Leave only if sequence is ***.

Back 17

1) KDEL --- N-Terminus
2) cleaved

Front 18

--- G-Protein ---
1) *** subunit decouples & pops da pup.
2) *** binds the first subunit which is ***.

Back 18

1) γ
2) GDP --- α

Front 19

GPCR?

Back 19

G Protein-Coupled Receptor

Front 20

--- Karyopherins ---
1) α su binds *** of imported protein.
2) β su helps complex to bind the *** *** ***.

Back 20

1) NLS of
2) nuclear pore complex.

Nuclear Localization Signal/Sequence

Front 21

*** is a family of actin-binding proteins which disassembles actin filaments.

Back 21

Cofilin

Front 22

*** gets rid of old actin.

Back 22

Cofilin

Front 23

***: is used to mark proteins in Golgi for transport to ER.

Back 23

KDEL

Front 24

1) α-helical region in ***
2) then forms into coiled-coil ***
3) ***(adjective) ***mer of two coiled-coil dimers
4) # tetramers packed together end to end
5) # tetramers twisted into a rope-like ***

Back 24

1) monomers
2) dimer
3) staggered tetramer
4) many
5) eight --- filament

Front 25

*** are made out of 13 protofilaments.

Back 25

Microtubules

Front 26

GPI? Spelled?
Anchors protein to cell membrane.
Directs to ER > Golgi > ECM

Back 26

glycosylphosphatidylinositol

glycosyl - phosphatidyl - inositol

Front 27

1) ALS?
2) AKA ***
3) Disease of the *** ***
4) Usually causes death in # ***.

Back 27

1) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
2) Lou Gehrig's disease
3) motor neurons
4) 3 years

Front 28

GAG?

Back 28

GlycosAminoGlycans

Front 29

1) *** is formed when highly glycosylated
2) glycoprotein is linked to a ***.

Back 29

1) proteoglycan
2) GAG

Glycos
Amino
Glycan

Front 30

3 Pathways out of Golgi
1)
2)
3)

Back 30

1) lysosome
2) cell exterior
3) cell exterior (default no signal)

Front 31

--- Microtubules ---
1) Protofilaments are composed of these subunits...

Back 31

1) α-tubulin and β-tubulin

Front 32

--- *** *** ---
Contains hyaluronan
keratan sulfate
chondroitin sulfate
and link/core proteins.

Back 32

aggrecan aggregate

Front 33

*** binds to importin complex releasing cargo...

Back 33

Ran-GTP

Front 34

--- Aggrecan Aggregate ---
1) *** fiber
2) Keratan ***
3) Chondroitin ***
4) L*** protein
5) C*** protein(aggrecan)

Back 34

1) Hyaluronan
2) sulfate
3) sulfate
4) Link
5) Core

Front 35

The core protein is also known as the ***.

Back 35

aggrecan

Front 36

--- Collagen Molecule ---
1) Structure is always *** ***.
2) Repeating units are...

Back 36

1) triple trimeric
2) glycine, x, y

Front 37

Cargo and *** bind to exportin. This becomes *** when it arrives in cytosol.

Back 37

Ran-GTP
Ran-GDP

Front 38

1) *** molecule is always triple trimeric
2) w/repeating units of ***, x, and y .

Back 38

1) Collagen
2) glycine

Front 39

1) Vitamin C is required for the *** of lysine and of proline.
2) These two become *** and ***
3) and are necessary for proper *** cross-linking.

Back 39

1) hydroxylation
2) hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline
3) collagen

Front 40

--- Formation of Collagen Fiber ---
1) Synthesis of ***-*** ***
2) Hydroxylation of selected *** and ***
3) Glycosylation of selected ***
4) ***-*** of # pro-α chains
5) Procollagen t***-h*** formation
6) S***
7) Cleavage of p***
8) Self-assembly into *** ***
9) Aggregation of collagen *** to form a collagen ***

Back 40

1) pro-α chain
2) prolines --- lysines
3) hydroxyLysines
4) Self-assembly --- 3
5) triple-helix
6) Secretion
7) propeptides
8) collagen fibril
9) fibrils --- fiber

Front 41

--- Formation of Collagen Fiber ---
1) S*** of pro-α chain
2) *** of selected prolines and lysines
3) *** of selected hydroxyLysines
4) ***-*** of three pro-α chains
5) Procollagen triple-helix ***
6) ***
7) *** of propeptides
8) ***-*** into collagen fibril
9) *** of collagen fibrils to form a collagen ***

Back 41

1) Synthesis
2) Hydroxylation
3) Glycosylation
4) Self-assembly
5) formation
6) Secretion
7) Cleavage
8) Self-assembly
9) Aggregation --- fiber

Front 42

--- Formation of Collagen Fiber ---
1) Procollagen triple-helix is synthesized in the....
2) It is composed of...

Back 42

1) ER/Golgi compartment
2) 3 pro-α chains

Front 43

--- Formation of Collagen Fiber ---
1) *** t***-*** is secreted in secretory vesicles into the ECM.

Back 43

1) Procollagen triple-helix

Front 44

--- Formation of Collagen Fiber ---
1) Procollagen molecule is ***
2) by s*** p***
3) into *** molecule
4) which form the c*** ***
5) which is # to # *** wide.

Back 44

1) cleaved
2) signal peptidase
3) collagen
4) collagen fibril
5) 10 - 300 nm

Front 45

--- Cell Cycle ---
1) Cell enters cell cycle by going into *** phase.
2) Before M/Mitosis phase is *** phase.

Back 45

1) S
2) G2

Front 46

Name the three types of cell junctions.
1) *** junctions
2) *** junctions
3) *** junctions

Back 46

1) Occluding
2) Anchoring
3) Communicating

Front 47

1) M6P?
2) M6PR?

Back 47

1) mannose-6-phosphate
2) mannose-6-phosphate receptor

Front 48

--- Anchoring Junctions ---
Composed of...
1) I*** a** proteins
2) t*** a** proteins.

Back 48

1) Intracellular anchor
2) transmembrane adhesion

Front 49

--- Gap Junctions ---
1) *** Ca++ causes closure.
2) *** pH causes closure.
3) *** is an extracellular signals causing closure.

Back 49

1) Increased
2) Decreased
3) Dopamine

Front 50

1) *** form open channels between cells.
2) Composed of *** subunits.

Back 50

1) Connexons
2) six

Front 51

--- Gap Junction Channel ---
1) *** is an assembly of six
2) *** proteins forming open channel.

Back 51

1) Connexon
2) connexin

Front 52

POMC?
*** makes this molecule functional

Back 52

preproopiomelanocorticotropin
pre pro opio melano cortico tropin

proteolysis

Front 53

--- Flagellum ---
Composed of???????
1) Complete A microtubule
2) Incomplete B microtubule

Back 53

--- Flagellum ---
Outer Doublet Microtubule
1) 13 protofilaments
2) 11 protofilaments

Front 54

1) F-actin uses *** protofilaments.
2) G-actin uses *** protofilaments.

Back 54

1) 11
2) 13

Front 55

*** *** holds sugars being attached to *** during N-glycosylation.

Back 55

dolichol bisphosphate
asparagine - N - Asn

Front 56

1) ***-actin uses 11 protofilaments.
2) ***-actin uses 13 protofilaments.

Back 56

1) F
2) G

Front 57

List 10-15 uses for ATP.
1) How many?
2) Group 1?

Back 57

1) 4
DNA Helicase
DNA Gyrase
DNA Clamp
Spliceosome

Front 58

List 10-15 uses for ATP.
1) How many?
2) Group 2?

Back 58

1) 3
Myosin
Kinesin
Dynein

Front 59

List 10-15 uses for ATP.
1) How many?
2) Group 3?

Back 59

1) 2
Flippase
Scramblase

Front 60

List 10-15 uses for ATP.
1) How many?
2) Group 4?

Back 60

1) 3
Proton pump
Na+/K+ pump
Nucleopore

Front 61

List 10-15 uses for ATP.
1) How many?
2) Group 5?

Back 61

1) 2
Chaperones (BiP)
Chaperones (calnexin)

Front 62

List 10-15 uses for ATP.
How many?
1) Group 1?
2) Group 2?
3) Group 3?
4) Group 4?
5) Group 5?

Back 62

1) 4
2) 3
3) 2
4) 3
5) 2

Front 63

***: Proteins transporting molecules from cytoplasm into nucleus.

Back 63

Karyopherins

Front 64

***-terminus end of protein contains # *** address tag.

Back 64

N-terminus
4 AA

Front 65

Type of bonding...
Fatty acids
Sugars
Amino acids
Nucleotides

Back 65

Fatty acids - ester bond
Sugars - glycosidic bond
Amino acids - peptide bond
Nucleotides - phosphodiester

Front 66

What are the acidic AA?

Back 66

Glutamic Acid
Aspartic Acid

Front 67

Glycolysis products

Back 67

2 [NADH]
2 [ATP]

Front 68

TCA/Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle

Back 68

2 GTP
2 FADH2
6 NADH

Front 69

Nucleotides?
U - T - A - G - C

Back 69

Uracil
Thymine
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine

Front 70

AA that can be phosphorylated.

Back 70

Ser-Serine
Tyr-Tyrosine
Thr-Threonine

Front 71

Pyrimidine mnemonic?
Pyrimidines?

Back 71

--- CUT PYe ---
Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

Front 72

Essential AA mnemonic?
1st SET?

Back 72

PVT TIM HALL
Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine

Front 73

Essential AA mnemonic?
2nd SET?

Back 73

PVT TIM HALL
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine

Front 74

Essential AA mnemonic?
3rd SET?

Back 74

PVT TIM HALL
Histidine
Arginine
Lysine
Leucine

Front 75

Acidic AA have a *** charge in pH 7.

Back 75

negative

Front 76

--- Endocytosis Vesicle---
1) E*** E***
2) L*** E***
3) E***
4) L***

Back 76

1) Early Endosome
2) Late Endosome
3) Endolysosome
4) Lysosome

Front 77

NLS typically has 1+ short sequences of *** charged AAs like *** or *** exposed on protein surface.

Back 77

positively
lysine - K
arginine - R

Front 78

Typically nuclear pore = *** wide.
W/ATP = *** wide.

Back 78

9nm
26nm

Front 79

Three subunits of nuclear pore.
1)
2)
3)

Back 79

1) annular subunit (circle)
2) column subunit
3) lumenal subunit

Front 80

--- Early Endosome ---
Pathways?
1) ***(back)
2) *** in lysosome
3) ***(new membrane)

Back 80

1) Recycling
2) Degradation
3) Transcytosis

Front 81

--- Endocytosis Vesicle---
1) *** ***
2) *** ***
3) ***
4) ***

Back 81

1) Early Endosome
2) Late Endosome
3) Endolysosome
4) Lysosome

Front 82

Proteins can't traverse nuclear pore alone...
1) *** is required
2) Serving as either *** or ***.

Back 82

1) karyopherin
2) importin --- exportin

Front 83

--- KDEL ---
K?
D?
E?
L?

Back 83

K--Lys--Lysine
D--Asp--Aspartic acid
E--Glu--Glutamic acid
L--Leu--Leucine

Front 84

--- Karyopherins ---
β su helps dock importin ***-bound protein to the nuclear pore complex.

Back 84

heterodimer

Front 85

Proteins with an *** can form a heterotrimeric complex with an exportin.

Back 85

nuclear export sequence (NES)

Front 86

N-linked glycosylation begin with addition of a *** precursor through the *** enzyme.

Back 86

14-sugar
oligosaccharyltransferase

oligo saccharyl transferase

Front 87

Transfers 14-sugar to protein.

Back 87

oligosaccharyl transferase

Front 88

β su uses the *** repeat of *** as a ladder into the nucleus.

Back 88

FG (phenylalanine—glycine)
nucleoporins

Front 89

1) ***: Chaperone ensuring only properly folded/assembled proteins proceed thru secretory pathway.
2) Protein is given *** chances to be sent to ***.

Back 89

1) Calnexin
2) 3 --- golgi

Front 90

1) N-linked glycosylation of *** in ***.
2) O-linked glycosylation of *** in ***.

Back 90

1) Nitrogen --- ER
2) Oxygen of hydroxyl --- Golgi apparatus

Front 91

The islets of Langerhans are the regions of the *** that contain its endocrine cells.

Back 91

pancreas

Front 92

--- O-linked Glycosylation ---
1) Oxygen of these AA(3 forms)
2) When followed by...

Back 92

1) (Ser)ine, (Thr)eonine, (tYr)osine
2) (asp)aragiNe

Front 93

Kinetochores(on centromeres) link chromosome and *** *** through ***.

Back 93

mitotic spindle
microtubules

Front 94

--- N-linked Glycosylation ---
1) Nitrogen of AA ***
2) Followed by AA ***...

Back 94

1) asparagiNe - Asn
2) (aRg)inine

Front 95

Primer attaches to the *** end of its complementary strand..

Back 95

3'

Front 96

--- VTC(*** *** ***) ---
Compartment trafficking between ER & Golgi carried on ***.

Back 96

VTC(Vesicular tubular cluster)
microtubules

Front 97

Nucleosomes contain about ** bp of DNA.

Back 97

200

Front 98

--- Histone Mods ---
1) M
2) P
3) A
4) U??

Back 98

1) methylation
2) phosphorylation
3) acetylation
4) ubiquitylation

Front 99

--- Insulin Mechanism ---
1) *** Bi***
2) ***tion
3) C*** c***
4) T****** of t***

Back 99

1) Ligand Binding
2) Dimerization
3) Conformation Change
4) Transphosphorylation of Tyrosines

Front 100

1) *** forms coated vesicles.
2) *** shaped with # heavy chains
3) and # light chains.

Back 100

1) Clathrin
2) triskelion --- 3
3) 3

Front 101

NLS is *** AA long containing *** charged AAs...
1)
2)

Back 101

8-10 --- positively
1) lysine - Lys - K
2) aRginine - Arg - R

Front 102

--- Cholesterol Import ---
1) E***
2) U***
3) Fusion With ***
4) Budding Off Of *** ***
5) Return of *** *** to ***

Back 102

1) Endocytosis
2) Uncoating
3) Fusion With Endosome
4) Budding Off Of Transport Vesicles
5) Return of LDL Receptors to PM

Front 103

--- *** ---
In inner mitochondrial membrane.
Essential for energy metabolism.

Back 103

Cardiolipin

Front 104

Lysosomal enzymes are tagged w/***--***-*** and sent to lysosome.

Back 104

mannose-6-phosphate

Front 105

1) Ubiquitin ***, has *** subunits
2) attaches ubiquitin to the *** AA
3) via an *** bond.

Back 105

ligase --- three
lysine
isopeptide

Front 106

--- Cholesterol Import Verbs ---
1) E***
2) U***
3) F***
4) *** O***
5) Return

Back 106

1) Endocytosis
2) Uncoating
3) Fusion
4) Budding Off

Front 107

-- rRNA locations?!?! ---
1) *** rRNA not from nucleolus
2) *** rRNA from nucleolus

Back 107

1) 5S
2) 45S

Front 108

The *** *** *** are the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine cells.

Back 108

islets of Langerhans

Front 109

***: AA sequence used for nuclear import.

Back 109

NLS (Nuclear localization signal/sequence)

Front 110

1) There's # way out of ER...
2) goes through the ***
3) Another method is through *** contact sites.

Back 110

1) one
2) golgi
3) membrane

Front 111

Strand newly synthesized started at its *** end.

Back 111

5'

Front 112

What AA is important in glycosylation?
What type and where?

Back 112

asparagiNe - Asn
O-linked - 1st of 2...
N-linked - 1st of 1...