Jz Uhcl Cellular Physiology Exam 3 Important

Front 1

***: Double lipid bilayer enclosing genetic material in eukaryotics..

Back 1

Nuclear envelope

Front 2

The mitochondria is the only genetically *** organelle in the human.

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semiautonomous

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***/*** membrane is continuous w/outer layer of the nuclear envelope.

Back 3

SER/RER

Front 4

Mitochondria has a very *** *** shape.

Back 4

actively changing

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***: Vesicles not ordinarily present in living cells.

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Microsomes

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NLS?

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Nuclear Localization Signal/Sequence

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***(CL) is found in *** mitochondrial membrane where it is essential in mitochondrial energy metabolism.

Back 7

cardiolipin
inner

Front 8

1) SRP?
2) SRPR?

Back 8

1) Signal Recognition PARTICLE
2) Receptor

Front 9

Cardiolipin AKA....

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Diphosphatidyl-glycerol(DPG)

Front 10

***: AA sequence used for nuclear import.

Back 10

NLS (Nuclear localization signal/sequence)

Front 11

Cytosol of mitochondria is very...
1)
2)

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1) negative
2) basic

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1) There's *** method of transport out of the ER...
2) which is goes to the ***
2) However, another method is through *** *** ***.

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1) one
2) golgi
3) membrane contact sites

Front 13

NLS typically has 1+ short sequences of *** charged AAs like *** or *** exposed on protein surface.

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positively
lysine - K
arginine - R

Front 14

*** gradient drives ADP-ATP exchange.

Back 14

Voltage

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--- Smooth ER ---
1) Synthesis of *** and ***
2) *** of carbohydrates
3) *** detoxification
4) *** metabolism

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1) lipids --- steroids
2) Metabolism
3) Drug
4) Steroid

Front 16

pH gradient drives import of *** and ***.

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pyruvate
phosphate

Front 17

*** ER is used during synthesis of proteins destined for the ***.

Back 17

Rough

secretory pathway

Front 18

The ER & nucleus share a cavity called the *** ***.

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perinuclear space

Front 19

NADH yields...
NADH2 yields...

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2 e-
3 e-

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1) A *** determines where mRNA is translated.
2) After translation it's cleaved by *** ***.

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1) 20-26 AA sequence
2) cleaved --- signal peptidase

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NADH is generated from...

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the citric acid cycle

Front 22

1) ***: Proteins assisting non-covalent folding/un/assembly/dis of macromolecular structures.
2) ***: Our example... in ER lumen binding incoming and outgoing proteins.

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1) Chaperones
2) Binding immunoglobulin protein(BiP)

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Acetyl CoA comes from ***.

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pyruvate

Front 24

Typically nuclear pore = *** wide.
W/ATP = *** wide.

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9nm
26nm

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NADH gives *** to drive out ***.

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e-
H+

Front 26

BiP?

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Binding immunoglobulin Protein

Front 27

TCA?
Occurs where?

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TriCarboxylic Acid cycle
mitochondria matrix

Front 28

***: AA peptide on *** end keeping/attracting all proteins to ER(even Golgi). Leave only if sequence is cleaved.

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KDEL
N-Terminus

Front 29

--- Karyopherins ---
1) α su binds *** of imported protein.
2) β su helps complex to bind the *** *** ***.

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1) NLS of
2) nuclear pore complex.

Front 30

ATP synthase is a *** pump.

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reversible

Front 31

***: is used to mark proteins in Golgi for transport to ER.

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KDEL

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1) Transmembrane proteins inserted into membrane through ***.
2) *** sequence starts transfer...
3) *** sequence stops transfer...

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1) translocation
2) start-transfer sequence
3) stop-transfer sequence

Front 33

Transfers 14-sugar to protein.

Back 33

oligosaccharyl transferase

Front 34

GPI? Spelled?
Anchors protein to cell membrane.
Directs to ER > Golgi > ECM

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glycosylphosphatidylinositol

glycosyl - phosphatidyl - inositol

Front 35

β su uses the *** repeat of *** as a ladder into the nucleus.

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FG (phenylalanine—glycine)
nucleoporins

Front 36

--- Phospholipid Transverse Diffusion ---
1) ER membrane protein...
2) Plasma membrane protein...

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1) scramblase
2) flippase

Front 37

FG repeat?

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phenylalanine—glycine repeat

Front 38

3 Pathways out of Golgi
1)
2)
3)

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1) lysosome
2) cell exterior
3) cell exterior (default no signal)

Front 39

VTC(*** *** ***): Compartment mediating trafficking between the ER & Golgi carried on ***.

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VTC(Vesicular tubular cluster)
microtubules

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*** binds to importin complex releasing cargo...

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Ran-GTP

Front 41

Vesicles w/*** coat merge into traveling VTC(vesicular tubular cluster).

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COPII

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Cargo and *** bind to exportin. This becomes *** when it arrives in cytosol.

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Ran-GTP
Ran-GDP

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--- Golgi Complex ---
1) *** cisterna
2) *** cisterna
3) *** cisterna

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1) cis
2) media
3) trans

Front 44

GTP is *** during loading... and *** during unloading.

Back 44

removed
added

Front 45

--- Golgi Complex ---
1) *** Golgi network(***)
2) *** Golgi network(***)

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1) Cis --- (CGN)
2) Trans --- (TGN)

Front 46

--- Golgi Complex ---
1) *** face - enter
2) *** face - exit

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1) cis
2) trans

Front 47

--- Golgi Complex ---
1) *** Golgi networks
2) *** cisternas
3) *** faces

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1) two
2) three
3) two

Front 48

--- Nuclear Lamina---
1) Lamina - general term meaning "layer"
2) *** filaments forming sheets
3) 'P' of the AA *** causes ***.
4) 'deP' of the AA *** causes ***.

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1) intermediate
2) serine --- disintegration
3) serine --- integration

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***: Vesicle coat protein transporting proteins from cis-Golgi back to RER.

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COPI (COat Protein complex I)

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***: Type of vesicle coat protein transporting proteins from RER to Golgi apparatus.

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COPII (COat Protein complex II)

Front 51

The 14-sugar group on proteins is modified in the ***.

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Golgi

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1) M6P?
2) M6PR?

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1) mannose-6-phosphate
2) mannose-6-phosphate receptor

Front 53

Lysosomal enzymes are tagged w/***--***-*** and sent to lysosome.

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mannose-6-phosphate

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1) There are *** pathways from Golgi to ECM.
2) What are they?

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1) two
2) Constitutive & Regulated Secretory Pathway

Front 55

Histone *** is involved w/formation of kinetochore. Normally, the histone is *** at *** 4.

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H3
dimethylated
lysine

Front 56

POMC?
*** makes this molecule functional

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preproopiomelanocorticotropin
pre pro opio melano cortico tropin

proteolysis

Front 57

The *** is the protein structure on chromosomes where spindle fibers attach during cell division.

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kinetochore

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*** *** holds sugars being attached to *** during ***-glycosylation.

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dolichol bisphosphate
asparagine - N - Asn
N-glycosylation

Front 59

Example of complex oligosaccharide...

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sialic acid
NANA
N-acetylneuraminic acid

Front 60

The *** is a special type of smooth ER found in muscle.

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sarcoplasmic reticulum

Greek sarx = flesh

Front 61

*** is one of the two identical copies in a duplicating chromosome.

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Chromatid

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*** is super condensed DNA found during replication.

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Chromosome

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30nm chromatin packing is right above the *** level.

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beads-on-a-string

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*** is the unraveled DNA/protein complex usually found.

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Chromatin

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***: Region where identical sister chromatids are in closest contact serving as point of mitotic *** attachment.

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Centromere
cell division
spindle

Front 66

NLS is *** AA long containing *** charged AAs...
1)
2)

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8-10 --- positively
1) lysine - Lys - K
2) aRginine - Arg - R

Front 67

***: Region of repetitive @ end of DNA protecting it from *** or *** w/other chromosomes.

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Telomere
deterioration
fusion

Front 68

***: Proteins transporting molecules from cytoplasm into nucleus.

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Karyopherins

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*** *** is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated.

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Replication origin

Front 70

Three necessary components for chromosome.
1)
2)
3)

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1) telomere
2) replication origin
3) centromere

Front 71

--- Ribosomal Subunit S# and MW ---
1) Prokaryote?
2) Eukaryote?
3) FROM???

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1) 50S 1,600,000 ----- 900,000 30S
2) 60S 2,800,000 ----- 1,400,00 40S
3) 70S ----- 90S