Jw Uhcl Developmental Biology Final Ch12

Front 1

Space between *** [M] Mesoderm splits into the body cavities.

Back 1

Lateral Plate

Front 2

Lateral Plate [M] splits into...
*** Somatic layer
*** Splanchnic layer

Back 2

Dorsal
Ventral

Front 3

Splanchnopleure of Lateral Plate [M] splits
1) the outer *** forms the endocardium
2) the TWO inner *** form the *** when endoderm fuses
3) which then become myocardium.

Back 3

1) Angiogenic Cell Clusters ---
2) Endocardial Primordia --- Endocardial Tube

Front 4

Lateral Plate [M] is located on either side of *** ***.

Back 4

Intermediate [M]

Front 5

--- Heart Formation ---
1) Single *** layer of *** [M] splits into...
Two "regions" giving rise to the heart.
2) outer *** and
3) inner ***

Back 5

1) Splanchnopleure --- Lateral plate
2) Angiogenic Cell Clusters
3) Endocardial Primordia

Front 6

!!!Each Lateral Plate [M] splits into...
1) *** Somatic [M] beneath ectoderm.
2) *** Splanchnic [M] overlying endoderm.

Back 6

1) Dorsal Somatic --- ectoderm
2) Ventral Splanchnic --- endoderm

Front 7

--- Lateral Plate Mesoderm ---
1) *** – ***derm and somatic mesoderm
2) *** – ***derm and splanchnic mesoderm

Back 7

1) Somatopleure --- ecto
2) Splanchnopleure --- endo

Front 8

Lateral Plate [M] splits into...
*** Somatic layer
*** Splachnopleure layer

Back 8

1) Somatic --- ectoderm.
2) Splanchnic --- endoderm.

Front 9

1) Atrial and Ventricular Myocytes ALONE are derived from...
2) which itself originates from *** ***.

Back 9

1) Myocardium
2) cardiogenic mesoderm

Front 10

Presumptive heart cells originate halfway down the length of
1) early *** ***.
2) Located *** (direction) to *** ***

Back 10

1) Hensen's node
2) posterior --- primitive streak

Front 11

1) *** *** caused by surgically cutting the
2) *** midline preventing fusion of heart *** ***.
3) otherwise forming endocardial *** and then endocardium.

Back 11

1) Cardia bifida
2) ventral --- endocardial primordia
3) tubes

Front 12

1) Horseshoe shaped region of *** *** is the precursor to
2) # cell types of endocardium and myocardium.

Back 12

1) cardiogenic mesoderm
2) 3

Front 13

Pancreatic IsleT Cells...
1) w/o ****** secrete insulin and glucagon.
2) w/****** secrete digestive enzymes.
3) it is able to do so because of....

Back 13

1) mesoderm
2) mesoderm or mesenchyme
3) pdx-1 gene

Front 14

1) Right and Left *** *** Mesoderm Layers fuse.
2) Folds of *** Mesoderm split coelom into # cavities.

Back 14

1) Lateral Plate
2) somatic --- 3

Front 15

1) *** tube becomes s-shaped and
2) the lower *** and upper *** swap positions.

Back 15

1) Endocardial
2) atrium --- ventricle

Front 16

Somatic Mesoderm splits *** into...
1) *** Cavity
2) *** Cavity
3) *** Cavity

Back 16

coelom
1) Pleural
2) Pericardial
3) Peritoneal

Front 17

Pancreatic endodermal derived *** cells are able to
Respond to *** because of the *** gene.

Back 17

epithelial
Mesenchyme --- Pdx1

Front 18

Pleural Cavity associated with ***

Back 18

lungs

Front 19

1st function organ is ***
last functioning organ is ***

Back 19

heart
lungs

Front 20

The Body Cavities are spaces between the *** and *** layers.

Back 20

Parietal --- visceral

Front 21

*** from diverticulum between # and # cleft in the
# Pouches on Pharynx Floor....
made up of ***Derm and *** derm

Back 21

Thyroid --- 2nd and 3rd
2nd
endoderm and mesoderm

Front 22

--- Newborn Circulation ---
First Breath
1) muscle constriction closes *** ***.
2) blood pressure closes *** ***.

Back 22

1) Ductus Arteriosus
2) Foramen Ovale

Front 23

*** cells respond to Pdx1.

Back 23

Pancreatic

Front 24

--- Human Digestive System Formation ---
1) *** P*** ruptures forming anal & urogenital openings.
2) *** is oral plate of ectoderm forming the mouth.
3) *** is common chamber for digestive & respiratory tubes.

Back 24

1) Cloacal Plate
2) Stomodeum
3) Pharynx

Front 25

1) *** *** is located in pharyngeal floor
2) between # pair of PPouches...it
3) *** into bronchi and lungs.

Back 25

1) Laryngotracheal groove
2) 4th
3) bifurcates

Front 26

--- Lateral Plate Mesoderm ---
1) Somatopleure – *** and *** mesoderm
2) Splanchnopleure – *** and *** mesoderm

Back 26

1) Ectoderm and somatic mesoderm
2) Endoderm and splanchnic mesoderm

Front 27

--- Forming Heart Chambers ---
1) At # weeks these are growing...
2) upper *** ***
3) lower *** ***

Back 27

1) 4.5
2) Septum Primum
3) Interventricular Septum

Front 28

1) Cardiogenic mesoderm forms 3 cell types of *** and *** called
2) Endocardial *** *** --- Atrial *** --- Ventricular ***

Back 28

1) Endocardium --- Myocardium
2) endothelial cell --- myocyte --- myocyte

Front 29

1) Stomodeum is the "*** ***" that forms mouth
2) and anterior lobe of the 2-component *** gland.

Back 29

1) oral plate
2) 2 --- pituitary

cloacal plate

Front 30

--- Pituitary gland ---
1) *** *** forms Glandular component.
2) *** forms Neural component.

Back 30

1) Rathke's Pouch
2) Infundibulum

Front 31

1) The right atrium receives *** blood from the ***/*** ' *** *** ' and coronary sinus.
2) The left atrium receives *** blood from the ***/*** ' *** ' veins.

Back 31

1) deoxygenated --- superior/inferior vena cava

2) oxygenated --- left/right pulmonary

Front 32

1) Endocardium forms...
2) Myocardium forms...

Back 32

1) Endocardial endothelial cells
2) Atrial and Ventricular myocytes

Front 33

1) Endocardial Endothelial Cells are derived ALONE from...
2) which itself originates from *** ***.

Back 33

1) Endocardium
2) cardiogenic mesoderm

Front 34

--- Mammal Pharynx ---
1) *** Pharyngeal Arches separate Pharyngeal ***
2) Thyroid from diverticulum between 2nd Pouches on Pharynx ***.

Back 34

1) 4 --- Pouches
2) Floor

Front 35

The first functioning organ system is...

Back 35

circulatory

Front 36

--- Mammal Pharyngeal Pouches ---
1st - *** cavity and *** tube
3rd - *** and *** pair
4th - *** pair

Back 36

middle ear --- eustachian
Thymus --- Parathyroid
other Parathyroid

Front 37

The Lateral Plate [M] forms into these layers...
1) *** layer - body wall
2) *** layer - gut wall

Back 37

somatopleuric layer
splanchnopleuric layer

Front 38

--- Mammal Pharyngeal Pouches ---
# - Thymus and Parathyroid pair
# - Middle ear cavity and eustachian tube
# - Other Parathyroid pair

Back 38

3rd
1st
4th

Front 39

--- Formation of Heart ---
1) Involves Splanchnopleure which give rise to *** Cell Clusters
2) which develop into Endocardial ***
3) which fuse into Endocardial ***
4) which forms ***.
5) Additionally, the *** is also formed.

Back 39

1) Angiogenic Cell Clusters
2) Primordia
3) Tube
4) Endocardium
5) Myocardium

Front 40

Pancreatic *** Cells...
1) w/o mesoderm secrete ** and ***.
2) w/mesoderm or mesenchyme secrete *** ***.

Back 40

Islet
1) insulin and glucagon
2) digestive enzymes

Front 41

Human #-chambered heart
1) *** have thicker walls than ***.
2) Blood enters *** chamber which lack valve
3) Blood exits *** chamber.

Back 41

4
1) Ventricles --- Atrium
2) Atrium
3) Ventricle

Front 42

1) Humans have a ***-chambered heart composed of...
2) ............ chambers
3) *** do not have valves at their inlets.

Back 42

1) 4
2) right/left atrium/ventricle
3) Atria

Front 43

--- Fetal Heart ---
1) *** *** allows blood flow left into right atrium.
2) Failure to close at birth causes heart ***.

Back 43

1) foramen ovale
2) murmors

Front 44

1) *** carry blood towards heart.
2) *** carry blood away from heart.

Back 44

1) Veins
2) Arteries

Front 45

--- Avian Embryo CirculatioN ---
1) Blood exits YOLK through *** ***.
2) Blood enters YOLK through *** ***.

Back 45

1) Vitelline Vein
2) Vitelline Artery

Front 46

--- Human Embryo CirculatioN ---
1) Blood enters placenta through *** ***.
2) Blood exit placenta through *** ***.
3) *** *** facilitates nutrient exchange.

Back 46

1) Umbilical Artery
2) Umbilical Vein
3) Chorionic Villus

Front 47

1) Fetal Hemoglobin is composed of *** and ***.
2) Adult Hemoglobin is composed of *** and ***.
3) *** has highest O2 affinity.
4) *** binds diphosphoglycerate less avidly than ***.

Back 47

1) α and γ-Chains
2) α and β-Chains
3) γ-Chain
4) γ-Chain --- β-chain

Front 48

1) *** Hemoglobin favors O2 release in low O2 conditions.
2) γ-Chain is switched to β-chain # *** after ***.

Back 48

1) β-Chain
2) 6 months --- birth

Front 49

--- Low O2 Conditions ---
1) *** releases O2.
2) *** binds.
3) β-chain has higher concentrations of ***.

Back 49

1) β-chain
2) γ-chain
3) diphosphoglycerate

Front 50

*** is a developing mammal after embryonic stage BUT before birth.

Back 50

Fetus

Front 51

--- Fetus Circulation ---
Ductus Arteriosus and Foramen Ovale (between ***) are ***.

Back 51

Atria --- open

Front 52

--- Fetus Circulation ---
1) *** *** is used for nutrients.
2) *** *** is open between atria.

Back 52

1) Ductus Arteriosus
2) Foramen Ovale

Front 53

--- Newborn Circulation ---
Ductus Arteriosus and Foramen Ovale are ***.

Back 53

closed

Front 54

--- Aortic Arches ---
1) Only AA one in *** and ***(animals)....
2) Each AA loops over each ***.

Back 54

1) mammals and birds
2) Pharynx

Front 55

*** ***: Only ONE in mammals and birds and they LOOP over Pharynx.

Back 55

Aortic Arch

Front 56

--- Blood Vessel Design ---
Design Constraints
1) ***
2) ***
3) ***

Back 56

1) Physiological
2) Evolutionary
3) Physical

Front 57

--- Blood Vessel Design ---
1) Physiological Constraint – Serves needs of embryo NOT ***.
2) Evolutionary Constraint – Goes to empty *** *** & uses *** aortic arches reflecting evolutionary ***.
3) Physical Constraint - Law of *** VS nutrient *** constraints. Solved w/*** of vessel sizes.

Back 57

1) adult
2) yolk sac --- 1/6 --- history
3) Hydraulics --- diffusion --- hierarchy

Front 58

*** of *** states large tubes are most effective in fluid transport.

Back 58

Law of Hydraulics

Front 59

***: Respiratory airway conducting air into lungs... which branches into smaller ***.

Back 59

Bronchi
Bronchioles

Front 60

Voice Box AKA ***.

Back 60

Larynx

Front 61

Trachea(windpipe) is between *** & lungs.

Back 61

Larynx

Front 62

***: Air passage tube between pharynx/larynx & lungs.

Back 62

Trachea --- (windpipe)

Front 63

***: Muscular tube passing food from pharynx to stomach.

Back 63

Esophagus

Front 64

***: Between larynx & nasal cavity.

Back 64

Pharynx

Front 65

--- Pituitary gland ---
1) Rathke's Pouch forms *** component.
2) Infundibulum forms *** component.

Back 65

1) Glandular
2) Neural

Front 66

--- Mammal Pharynx ---
1) 1st Pharyngeal *** forms outer ear/gill.
2) 1st Pharyngeal *** forms auditory cavaties of middle ear and eustachian tube.
3) Other structures formed by Pharyngeal ***.

Back 66

1) Cleft
2) Pouch
3) Pouches

Front 67

--- Mammal Pharynx ---
1st Pharyngeal Cleft forms outer ***.

Back 67

ear/gill

Front 68

Liver is derived from precursor Hepatic d*** AKA Liver ***.

Back 68

Diverticulum AKA Bud

Front 69

*** *** is an evolutionary novelty... Last mammalian organ to fully differentiate.

Back 69

Respiratory Tube

Front 70

--- Formation of the Respiratory Tube ---
***derm is lining of trachea, (2)bronchi, and *** sacs.

Back 70

Endoderm --- air

Front 71

1) Must be able to use lungs with first breath.
2) *** cells secrete *** preventing collapse.
3) Consists of ***, ***, and *** produced
4) during week *** of Gestation.

Back 71

1)
2) Alveolar --- Surfacant
3) phospholipids, sphingomyelin and lecithin.
4) 34

Front 72

*** stops air sacs in lungs from sticking together.

Back 72

Surfacant

Front 73

B***f***: Divide into two forks

Back 73

Bifurcate