Jw Uhcl Developmental Biology Exam 3 Ch8 Hard

Front 1

!!! ---5 Major Differences in Mammalian Cleavage ---
1) *** of cell ***...
2) r*** c***
3) *** c*** d***
4) *** a*** e***
5)

Back 1

1) Slowness --- division
2) Rotational Cleavage
3) Asynchrony cell division
4) Genome active early
5) Compaction

Front 2

--- FIRST STAGES ---
1) *** *** region
2) *** *** zone
3) *** node

Back 2

1) Koller's Sickle Region
2) Posterior Marginal Zone
3) Hensen's node

Front 3

--- Chick Embryo ---
1) All inductions start from the *** *** region
2) which is found w/in the *** *** zone.

Back 3

1) Koller's sickle region
2) posterior marginal zone

Front 4

!!!--- Chick Embryo ---
1) Primary hypoblast cells migrate from the *** LAYER.
2) Secondary hypoblast cells migrate from the *** *** REGION
3) within the *** *** ZONE.

Back 4

1) epiblast
2) Koller's sickle region
3) posterior marginal

Front 5

--- Chick Embryo ---
1) *** *** is between blastoderm and yolk from
2) blastoderm cells absorbing *** *** fluid.

Back 5

1) Subgerminal cavity
2) egg white

Front 6

--- Chick Embryo ---
1) The head of the primitive streak is called *** ***
2) through which cells pass into the ***.

Back 6

1) hensen's node
2) blastocoel

Front 7

!--- Chick Embryo ---
1) Hensen's node is the head of the *** ***
2) whose center contains a ***-shaped
3) depression called the primitive ***.

Back 7

1) primitive streak
2) funnel
3) pit

Front 8

!!!--- Chick Embryo ---
1) Cells migrating anteriorly into *** of primitive streak
2) become foregut, ***, ***, and ***.
3) Rohde said "*** ***" cells do the migration.

Back 8

1) blastocoel
2) head, mesoderm, notochord
3) Secondary hypoblast

Front 9

--- Chick Embryo ---
1) The primitive streak pushes *** cells to the anterior
2) portion of the area ***, an area containing
3) *** ***(precursor of germ cells.)

Back 9

1) hypoblast
2) pellucida
3) germinal crescent

Front 10

--- Chick Embryo ---
1) Primitive streak retreats moving Hensen's node from center of *** ***
2) to more ***.

Back 10

1) area pellucida
2) posterior

Front 11

--- Chick Embryo ---
1) *** cells enclose yolk taking
2) # *** to do so.

Back 11

1) Ectodermal
2) 4 days

Front 12

1) ***-*** axis is established during of blastoderm cleavage
2) Barrier between ***(pH 9.5) above blastodisc
3) and *** ***(pH 6.5) below disc.

Back 12

1) Dorsal-ventral
2) albumen
3) subgerminal space

Front 13

!!!
1) *** and *** induce "Nodal."
2) Nodal activity initiates *** *** in PMZ.

Back 13

1) Wnt8C and Vg1
2) primitive streak

Front 14

*** activity initiates primitive streak.

Back 14

Nodal

Front 15

1) PRIMARY HYpoblast secretes ***
2) which is *** to Nodal
3) preventing it from forming the *** ***.

Back 15

1) cerberus
2) antagonistic
3) primitive streak

Front 16

Nodal induces primitive streak in *** ***.

Back 16

posterior epiblast

Front 17

1) Cerberus secreting hypoblast cells are pushed ***
2) ensure *** cells become the ***
3) rather than *** structures.

Back 17

1) anteriorly
2) neural --- forebrain
3) posterior

Front 18

Cerberus is an antagonist to ***.

Back 18

nodal

Front 19

Cerebus prevents *** from forming primitive streak.

Back 19

nodal

Front 20

Primary *** moves away from PMZ.

Back 20

hypoblast

Front 21

Fgf8 induces...
1) ***
2) ***
3) *** in epiblast.

Back 21

1) ERN1
2) Sox2
3) churchill

Front 22

1) Churchill induces ***
2) which blocks *** and *** causing
3) no ingression of epiblast in streak.

Back 22

1) SIP1
2) Brachyury --- Tbx6

Front 23

--- Gastrulation ---
1) At Hensen's node, cells are released from *** ***
2) by a # kDa protein called *** ***.

Back 23

1) basal lamina
2) 190 --- scatter factor

Front 24

--- Gastrulation ---
1) Scatter factor binds ***.
2) causing *** cascades

Back 24

1) TKR(tyrosine kinase receptor)
2) G-protein

Front 25

--- Gastrulation ---
1) *** directs movement and is present in extracellular
2) *** *** of epiblast cells at primitive streak.

Back 25

1) Fibronectin
2) basal lamina

Front 26

Scatter factor is secreted by *** ***.

Back 26

Hensen's node

Front 27

Molecular helpers involved w/blastocoel movement.
1)
2)
3)

Back 27

Scatter Factor
Hyaluronic acid
Fibronectin

Front 28

--- Epiboly of ECTODERMal ---
1) *** precursor cells expand outwardly to encircle the yolk.
2) Using *** *** between the two

Back 28

1) Ectodermal
2) tight junctions

Front 29

--- Epiboly of ECTODERMal ---
1) Upper surface *** *** cells adhere to lower
2) *** *** cells spreading along its surface.

Back 29

1) area opaca
2) vitelline envelope

Front 30

--- Epiboly of Ectoderm ---
1) *** is present on inner surface of vitellin envelope.
2) *** *** blocks marginal cell migration.

Back 30

1) Fibronectin
2) RGD peptide

Front 31

--- Gastrulation --- Epiboly of Ectoderm ---
*** cells cut from blastoderm migrate on their own.

Back 31

Marginal

Front 32

--- Early Mammalian Development ---
*** adheres to and enters the placenta.

Back 32

Trophoblast

Front 33

--- Early Mammalian Development ---
The chorion produces these three hormones essential for mammalian development...
1)
2)
3)

Back 33

1) Gonadotropin
2) Progesterone
3) Chorionic somatomammotropin

Front 34

--- Early Mammalian Development ---
1) ***: Peptide hormone causes placental cells to produce progesterone.

Back 34

1) Gonadotropin

Front 35

--- Early Mammalian Development ---
1) ***: Promotes maternal breast development during pregnancy for milk production

Back 35

1) Chorionic somatomammotropin

Front 36

--- Mammalian Chorion ---
1) Promote production of *** that suppress immune response of uterus.

Back 36

1) lymphocytes

Front 37

--- Mammalian Chorion ---
1) *** cells contain a placental-specific
2) *** antigen protecting embryo from mother.

Back 37

1) Cytotrophoblast
2) histocompatible

Front 38

--- Formation of Inner Cell Mass ---
***, ***, and *** are critical to ICM pathway and pluripotency.

Back 38

Oct4, Stat3, and Nanog

Front 39

--- Formation of Inner Cell Mass ---
Oct4 stimulate *** cells to be ICM and not ***.

Back 39

morula --- trophoblast

Front 40

--- Formation of Inner Cell Mass ---
1) Both *** and *** block each other causing
2) *** and *** to separate....

Back 40

1) Cdx2 and Oct4
2) ICM and trophectoderm

Front 41

--- Formation of Inner Cell Mass ---
*** determines what becomes trophoblast.

Back 41

Cdx2

Front 42

--- Formation of Inner Cell Mass ---
1) There is no *** and *** in trophectoderm.

Back 42

1) Oct4 and Nanog

Front 43

--- Formation of Inner Cell Mass ---
1) There is no *** in ICM.

Back 43

1) Cdx2

Front 44

--- Formation of Inner Cell Mass ---
All blastomeres express *** and ***.

Back 44

Cdx2 and Oct4

Front 45

--- Formation of Inner Cell Mass ---
Upon decision, only trophoblast have *** and ***.

Back 45

Cdx2 and Nanog

Front 46

--- Formation of Inner Cell Mass ---
Upon decision, only ICM have ***.

Back 46

Oct4

Front 47

--- Mouse Development ---
1) *** is the lytic enzyme used to make the hole embryo hatches from.

Back 47

1) Strypsin

Front 48

--- Derivation Schematic ---
1) *** > ICM > *** > Amniotic ectoderm

Back 48

1) Blastocyst --- Epiblast

Front 49

--- Human Blastocyst ---
1) Hypoblast is also known as primitive ***.
2) It separates from ICM to line *** ***.
3) giving rise to yolk sac e***.

Back 49

1) endoderm
2) blastocoel cavity
3) endoderm

Front 50

--- STD Human Gastrulation ---
1) Below the placenta is the *** ***(space)
2) followed by the ***
3) and *** layer of cells
4) and finally the ***(space)

Back 50

1) Amniotic cavity
2) Epiblast
3) Hypoblast
4) Blastocoel

Front 51

--- Human Gastrulation ---
1) *** has all the cells that will generate the embryo.

Back 51

1) Epiblast

Front 52

--- Human Gastrulation ---
1) Like chicks, cells migrating between epiblast and ***
2) are coated with ***.

Back 52

1) hypoblast
2) hyaluronic acid

Front 53

--- Human Gastrulation ---
1) Epiblast cells entering streak cease expressing *** and migrate ***.

Back 53

1) E-cadherin
2) individually

Front 54

--- Human Development ---
1) The chorion is membrane formed by *** mesoderm
2) and two layers of ***.

Back 54

1) extraembryonic
2) trophoblast

Front 55

--- Umbilical Cord ---
1) Narrow s*** from extra-embryonic mesoderm forms vessels.

Back 55

1) stalk

Front 56

--- Human Development ---
These layers fuse to form PLACENTA
1) Fetal ***
2) *** cells
3) Maternal *** cells

Back 56

1) Chorion
2) Trophoblast
3) Decidual

Front 57

--- Human Development ---
Blood vessels of Chorionic Villa grow from
1) extra-embryonic mesoderm of the *** ***(structure)
2) which is derived from *** tissue.

Back 57

1) yolk sac
2) hypoblast

Front 58

--- Human Chorionic Villa ---
2nd week - Secondary villus formed when underlying *** *** penetrates mounds of *** tissues called primary villus.

Back 58

extra-embryonic mesoderm
cytotrophic

Front 59

--- Mammalian Development ---
1) C*** is the process occurring in the
2) *** stage forming blastocoel
3) by secreting fluids by tr***.

Back 59

1) Cavitation
2) morula
3) trophoblast

Front 60

--- Mammalian Development ---
1) Blastocyst trophoblast AKA ***
2) become ***(structure).

Back 60

1) trophectoderm
2) chorion

Front 61

NC = ???

Back 61

Nieuwkoop Center

Front 62

Nieuwkoop Center Endoderm
1) Induces cells above to become *** ***.
2) SMO???

Back 62

1) dorsal blastopore
2) Site of Blastopore Beginning