Jw Uhcl Developmental Biology Exam 2 Ch4

Front 1

Sperm acrosomal vesicle is formed from the ***.

Back 1

golgi apparatus

Front 2

--- Female Gametes ---
1) ***: mature "animal" gamete
2) ***: young mature gamete
3) ***: mature "lower plant/algae" gamete
4) ***: immature egg

Back 2

1) ovum
2) ovule
3) oosphere
4) oocyte

Front 3

ZP?

Back 3

Zona Pellucida

Front 4

Sperm's *** *** is full of enzymes aiding egg penetration.

Back 4

acrosomal vesicle

Front 5

In some species, *** forms acrosome process between nucleus and acrosome.

Back 5

globular actin

Front 6

1) Dynein causes *** *** in the
2) *** microtubules of sperm
flagellum causing bending.

Back 6

1) active sliding
2) outer

Front 7

Sperm microtubule contain *** monomers in pairs called ***.

Back 7

alpha & beta-tubulin monomers
tubulin dimer

Front 8

---Sperm Maturation---
1) *** reduced
2) *** streamlined
3) *** tightened
4) Acrosome *** & ***

Back 8

1) Cytoplasm
2) Nucleus
3) DNA
4) Vesicle & Process

Front 9

***: Period of time sperm need to be in female before its able to bind with egg.

Back 9

Capacitation

Front 10

Oocytes have localized *** factors that direct differentation.

Back 10

Morphogenetic

Front 11

Protective Chemicals in oocyte are used for....
1) from elements?
2) internal issues
3) predators
4) parasites

Back 11

1) UV protection
2) DNA repair enzymes
3) Egg distasteful
4) Antibodies

Front 12

*** ***: Fibrous matt outside oocyte PM essential for ***-*** sperm binding.

Back 12

Vitelline envelope
species-specific

Front 13

1) In mammals, the thick **** membrane
2) *** the Plasma Membrane
3) is called the ***

Back 13

1) glycoprotein
2) surrounding
3) zona pellucida

Front 14

*** *** is outside vitelline envelope and is used to attract/activate sperm.

Back 14

Egg Jelly

Front 15

Enzymes & *** prevents more than one sperm from entering.

Back 15

mucopolysaccharides

Front 16

--- Recognition of Egg & Sperm ---
1) c***
2) e*** of acrosomal ***
3) binding/passing of sperm through ECM ***/thick ***
4) ***(ultimate step)

Back 16

1) chemoattractant
2) exocytosis of acrosomal vesicle
3) Vitelline envelope/thick zona pellucida
4) fusion

Front 17

Acrosomal reaction
1) *** of acrosomal vesicle
2) *** of acrosomal process

Back 17

1) exocytosis
2) extension

Front 18

--- Human Sex ---
*** sperm deposited
*** reach ampullary region
takes *** minutes.

Back 18

280,000,000
200 AKA 1:10,000
30

Front 19

1) *** is protein on acrosomal
process mediating recognition
3) and is *** kDa.

Back 19

1) bindin
2) 30.5

Front 20

ZP?

Back 20

Zona Pellucida

Front 21

--- RECEPTOR controlling sperm binding saturation ---
1) Called ***#
2) *** kDa
3) *** class

Back 21

1) EBR1
2) 350
3) glycoprotein

Front 22

1) ZP*** is 83 kDa and binds sperm first
2) and can activate *** alone.
3) Involves *** molecules binding...

Back 22

1) 3
2) acrosome reaction
3) sugar

Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3

Front 23

Initially, mouse sperm bind ZP3. Then it proceeds to bind...

Back 23

ZP2

Zona Pellucida sperm-binding protein 2

Front 24

Entry of sperm into mouse oocyte causes...
the *** granules of egg to *** contents.

Back 24

cortical
release

Front 25

---Human Sperm/Egg---
Loss of function Izumo protein causes...
1) YES
2) NO

Back 25

1) zona pellucida penetration
2) no membrane fusion

Front 26

Polyspermy prevention methods
1) ***
2) ***

Back 26

1) Fast block
2) Slow block

Front 27

*** block in oocytes change electrical potential of egg membrane w/***...

Back 27

Fast
Na+ & K+ gradients

Front 28

Egg cell membrane has a *** resting potention. W/in *** after fertilization the potential shifts ***.

Back 28

-70mV
1-3 seconds
positive

Front 29

---*** Block in oocytes---
*** release into cytosol initiates c*** g*** reaction...
causing their fusing w/PM stopping the process.

Back 29

Slow
Ca++ - cortical granule

Front 30

Egg Ca++ is stored in the *** *** around each *** ***.

Back 30

endoplasmic reticulum
cortical granule

Front 31

--- Visualizing Cortical Granules ---
1) *** techniques are used
2) either *** or *** through the
3) binding of Ig to ***
3) which is located in CG ***.

Back 31

1) Immunocytochemistry
2) directly or indirectly
3) Ca++-dependent calcium release channels
4) ER

Front 32

--- Direct Immunocytochemistry ---
1) Inject *** protein into rabbit
2) Rabbit generated Ig is *** and injected into ***

Back 32

1) Rat
2) tagged --- rat

Front 33

--- Methods of Immunocytochemistry ---
1) Direct uses...
2) Indirect uses...

Back 33

1) rat protein / rabbit Ig
2) " / " / AND goat Ig

Front 34

*** *** activates the *** receptor initiating Ca++ release from cortical granules.

Back 34

Inositol trisphosphate
IP3 receptor

Front 35

1) It's possible that *** activates the egg before fusion w/sperm...
2) through a ***(class)... specifically
3) the *** on cortical granule ER.

Back 35

1) bindin
2) RTK receptor
3) IP3 (Inositol trisphosphate)

Front 36

1) *** blocks protein synthesis by
2) "inhibiting gene transcription" until *** stage.
3) However, it can be circumvented with *** ***.

Back 36

1) Actinomycin
2) midblastula
3) maternal mRNA

Front 37

1) *** bring PRONUCLEI together to form *** NUCLEUS.
2) Mammals take *** hours and sea urchin *** to complete this migration.

Back 37

1) Microtubules --- zygote
2) 12 --- 1

Front 38

Cytoplasmic movements initiate a cascade of events that determine ***-*** axis.

Back 38

dorsal-ventral

Front 39

1) *** do not fuse
2) True diploid cell isn't seen in ***
3) Until...

Back 39

Pronuclei
zygote
two-cell stage

Front 40

VE?

Back 40

Vitelline Envelope

Front 41

1) Array of microtubules existing ***
2) between *** and *** *** and
3) *** to the direction of cytoplasmic ***.
4) which is powered by ATPase ***.

Back 41

1) transiently
2) cortical --- internal cytoplasm
3) parallel --- rotation
4) kinesin

Front 42

Near end of first cycle...
Cytoplasm has been ***.
*** have met.
DNA is ***
*** *** translated.

Back 42

rearranged
pronuclei
replicating
New proteins

Front 43

*** are secretory vesicles that reside just below the egg's plasma membrane

Back 43

Cortical granules

Front 44

***: When you find correlations between two or more events and then make the inference that one event causes the other.

Back 44

Correlative evidence

Front 45

***: Absence of the postulated cause is associated with the absence of effect.

Back 45

Functional evidence

Front 46

Functional evidence
AKA L*** E***
AKA N*** *** E***

Back 46

Loss-of-function evidence
Negative inference evidence

Front 47

***: Initiation of first event causes the second event to happen even in instances where or when neither event usually occurs.

Back 47

Gain-of-Function evidence

Front 48

Find it?
Lose it?
Move it?

Back 48

Find it? correlative
Lose it? loss-of-function
Move it? gain-of-function

Front 49

***: Acceptance of evidence more readily when it fits into a system of other findings.

Back 49

Coherence

Front 50

This is at the core of nearly all studies of developmental mechanism...

Back 50

Find it
Lose it
Move it

Front 51

ZP2?

Back 51

Zona Pellucida sperm-binding protein 2

Front 52

--- Cortical Reaction Mammals ---
1) Does not produce the ***
2) Instead enzymes modify ***

Back 52

1) fertilization membrane
2) Zona Pellucida Sperm Receptors 2 and 3

Front 53

--- Cortical Reaction Mammals ---
***: Sugar molecules bound to sperm are cleaved.

Back 53

ZP3

Zona Pellucida sperm-binding protein 3

Front 54

--- Cortical Reaction Mammals ---
***: Is cleaved by protease to prevent sperm binding.

Back 54

ZP2

Zona Pellucida sperm-binding protein 2

Front 55

*** and *** are adhesive glycoproteins in Cortical Granules.

Back 55

hyalin
mucopolysaccharides

Front 56

--- Present in Ovum Cytoplasm---
1) yolk ***
2) data ***/***/***
3) m*** factors
4) p*** chemicals

Back 56

1) proteins
2) ribosomes/tRNA/mRNA
3) morphogenetic factors
4) protective chemicals

Front 57

Extension of the acrosomal process is done through *** of actin molecules.

Back 57

polymerization

Front 58

Egg jelly initiators are not always....

Back 58

species-specific.

Front 59

Bindin w/in same species causes...

Back 59

agglutination

Front 60

--- Preventing Polyspermy ---
*** mechanism...
Formation of fertilization envelope & cortical granules fusion w/egg PM.

Back 60

SLOW BLOCK

Front 61

1) *** marks the region where gastrulation
2) is initiated in *** embryos.

Back 61

1) Gray crescent
2) frog

Front 62

*** is a motor protein which converts ATP into the mechanical movement transporting cellular cargo by "walking".

Back 62

Dynein

Front 63

*** activates ATPase activity in dynein(protein powering sperm flagellum) through the *** nucleotide.

Back 63

Resact peptide
cGMP

Front 64

--- Cortical Granule Reaction ---
1) 1st enzyme dissolves...
2) *** causes h2o efflux here
3) 3rd enzyme hardens *** of !!***!!
4) *** block creates hard ***(protein) coat

Back 64

1) VE/PM CONTACTS
2) mucopolysaccharides --- between VE/PM
3) fertilization membrane --- mouse
4) slow --- hyalin

Front 65

Hyalin is used in slow block by Cortical Granules to create *** *** coat.

Back 65

create hard protein coat

Front 66

1) Mucopolysaccharide is used during *** block...
2) by Cortical Granules to create...
3) between...

Back 66

1) slow
2) h2o efflux
3) VE & PM

Front 67

VE?

Back 67

Vitelline Envelope

Front 68

***: Enzyme(usually subclass of lyase) that catalyzes a reaction forming a cyclic compound.

Back 68

Cyclase

Front 69

--- Sea Urchin Development ---
1) ***: 14-residue peptide of *** hormone class
2) Involved in sperm ***.
3) Causing flagellum...

Back 69

1) Resact peptide--- chemoattractant
2) chemotaxis
3) to beat faster

Front 70

*** protein is essential in HUMAN egg/sperm fusion.

Back 70

Izumo
---(possibly binds to CD9)