Jw Uhcl Developmental Biology Exam 1 Difficult

Front 1

*** showed germ layers don't develop independently.

Back 1

Pander

Front 2

*** followed the developing skull, excretory & respiratory system.

Back 2

Rathke

Front 3

Oviparity?

Back 3

egg-laying

Front 4

Ovoviviparity?

Back 4

live birth - eggs hatch w/in body
embryo nourished w/egg yolk

Front 5

Viviparity?

Back 5

live birth(NO EGGS)
embryo nourished through placental connection

Front 6

Meroblastic?

Back 6

Part of egg becomes embryo and other part for nutrition.

Front 7

***: thalidomide-related syndrome where long bones are absent.

Back 7

Phocomelia
phoco- (seal's flipper) and melia (limb)

Front 8

Draw the basic diagram of the 3 developing germ layers.
How many and what are the labels?

Back 8

9 - dorsal, ventral, neural tube, notochord, somite, archenteron(future gut), yolky endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm(epidermis)

Front 9

***: Cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting body.

Back 9

Notochord
*SPELL IT RIGHT*

Front 10

------------

Back 10

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Front 11

Metaplasia???

Back 11

Transformation of one differentiated cell type into another.

Front 12

Polytene chromosomes of Drosophila larvae helped discover...

Back 12

differential gene expression.

Front 13

Histone *** neutralizes the A.A. ***... loosening histones and activating transcription

Back 13

acetylation
lysine

Front 14

Translation termination codon *** dissociates the ribosome.

Back 14

TAA

Front 15

TFIID complex binds to *** through its ***.

Back 15

TATA box
TBP subunit

Front 16

After RNAPII is bound to the ***... TF *** provides the releasing power for transcription.

Back 16

TATA box
TFIIH

Front 17

The *** &*** kDa TAFs are critical in determining whether *** remains bound
to ***.

Back 17

250
150
TBP
TATA

Front 18

Name four families of transcription factors.

Back 18

Zinc finger
Basic leucine zipper (bZip)
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)
Homeodomain

Front 19

! Two proposed functions of TAFs.
1)
2)

Back 19

1) Co-activators
2) Determine if TFIID remains on promoter

Front 20

Name 3 Functions of TFs.
What one is "very important?"

Back 20

1) Stabilize pre-initiation complex
2) Recruit other TFs & histone-modifying enzymes
3) Coordinated Gene expression

Front 21

Name 3 major binding domains of TFs.

Back 21

1) DNA-binding domain
2) trans-activating domain
3) protein-protein interaction domain

Front 22

!!! 1st TF domain:
***-binding domain recognizes specific ***.

Back 22

DNA
enhancers

Front 23

EPIGENETIC MEMORY:
Polycomb proteins bind nucleosomes and keep them ***.

Back 23

inactive

Front 24

EPIGENETIC MEMORY:
Trithorax proteins bind nucleosomes and keep them ***.

Back 24

active

Front 25

Polycomb proteins stabilize repression by *** the ***.

Back 25

methylating
H3 histone

Front 26

Location & Class
1) NRSE?
2) NRSF?

Back 26

1) Element - Zinc-finger TF - somatic
2) Factor - DNA promoter - ALL

Front 27

1) NRSE?
2) NRSF?

Back 27

Neural Restrictive Silencer
1) Element
2) Factor

Front 28

MeCP2 binds methylated *** *** & the adjacent histone is *** followed by its ***.

Back 28

DNA cytosine
deacetylated
methylation.

Front 29

H3: Right most residue
1) #th ___
2) Bound by ___
3) Effect: ___

Back 29

1) 9th lysine
2) HP1 - Heterochromatin Protein 1
3) Silent heterochromatin

Front 30

*** methylates previously unmethylated *** on ***.

Back 30

DnMT3
cytosines
DNA

Front 31

!!! What makes humans different from roundworms when both have 25000 genes?

Back 31

Differential RNA Processing

Front 32

H3: Left most residue
1) #th ___
2) Bound by ___
3) Effect: ___

Back 32

1) 27th lysine
2) PC - Polycomb Group Protein
3) Transcriptional Memory

Front 33

In C. elegans *** gene encodes a 21-nucleotide RNA that binds to multiple sites in the 3’-UTR of *** mRNA.

Back 33

lin-4
lin-14

Front 34

Pri-miRNA form hairpin loops which are clipped by ***. After leaving nucleus its cleaved by *** into single strands.... is packaged w/proteins into a complex called ***.

Back 34

Drosha RNAase
Dicer RNAase
RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)

Front 35

miRNAs assemble into complexes termed ***.

Back 35

miRNP

microRiboNucleoProtein

Front 36

Draw the model of TBP stabilization by TAFs.

Back 36

.

Front 37

Draw steps of eukaryotic transcription pre-initiation complex formation.

Back 37

.

Front 38

Draw histone methylation picture.

Back 38

.

Front 39

*** is a common trans TAF that enables looping.
Reverse acronym?

Back 39

Sp1
Specificity Protein 1

Front 40

5 TAFS that stabilize TBP?

Back 40

1) Sp1 - Specificity Protein 1
2) NTF-1
3) p110
4) p150
5) p250

Front 41

Zinc finger is a family of ***.

Back 41

TF

Front 42

------------

Back 42

------------

Front 43

TGF?

Back 43

Transforming Growth Factor BETA

Front 44

*** cells have adhesion molecules for anchoring to uterus.

Back 44

Trophoblast

Front 45

Dyne = unit of force in the *** system of units.

Back 45

centimeter-gram-second
(CGS)

Front 46

Draw the cadherin-catenin-actin complex.

Back 46

.

Front 47

Name major Cadherin types:
1) ***-cadherins
2) ***-cadherins
3) ***-cadherins
4) ***-cadherins

Back 47

E-cadherins
R-cadherins
P-cadherins
N-cadherins

Front 48

The combination of ectodermal ***6, ***2, & *-*** is needed for lens production.

Back 48

1) PAX6 - PAired boX genes
2) SOX2 - Sdr Y bOX
----Sex Determining Region
3) L-MAF - MusculoAponeurotic Fibrosarcoma

Front 49

1) FGF1 - ***
2) FGF2 - *** *** formation
3) FGF7 - *** development
4) FGF8 - *** development & *** induction.

Back 49

Fibroblast Growth Factors(FGF)---
1) regeneration
2) blood vessel
3) skin
4) limb development & lens induction

Front 50

*** signal transduction pathway was the first pathway to unite various areas of developmental biology.

Back 50

RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase)

Front 51

RTK?

Back 51

receptor tyrosine kinase

Front 52

MITF?
Associated with the *** RTK protein.

Back 52

MIcrophthalmia-associated TF
Kit RTK(Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) protein

Front 53

*** can also activate the JAK-STAT cascade.

Back 53

FGF

Front 54

The *** pathway is important for human fetal bone growth.
Reverse acronym?

Back 54

JAK-STAT
"Just Another Kinase"
Signal Transducer & Activator of Transcription

Front 55

JAK-STAT pathway important in *** *** differentiation, *** growth, & *** protein production.

Back 55

blood cell
limb
casein

Front 56

*** paracrine factors have cysteine-rich glycoproteins & *** members.

Back 56

Wnts
15
Wingless & INTegrated genes

Front 57

Both *** & *** paracrine families inhibit repressors SUCH AS ***.

Back 57

Hedgehog and Wnt
GSK3 - glycogen synthase kinase 3

Front 58

*** appear to be essential for presenting the paracrine factor in high concentrations to their receptors.

Back 58

Proteoglycans

Front 59

Draw fibronectin receptor complex.

Back 59

.

Front 60

AA RGD sequence?

Back 60

R - Arg - Arginine
G - Gly - Glycine
D - Asp - Aspartic acid

Front 61

Fibronectin complexes with ***.

Back 61

integrin

Front 62

Cadherins: Extracellular ___ ___ have Ca2+ binding sites.

Back 62

cadherin repeats

Front 63

Cadherin repeat EC1 contains the ****.....

Back 63

Adhesive recognition site

Front 64

Fibronectin/integrin complex proteins w/strange names...
1)
2)

Back 64

1) Talin
2) Vinculin