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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immunohistochemcal Localization of Osteoclastogenic Cell Mediators in Feline Tooth Resorption and Healthy Teeth
By Senn, Schwalder et al |
Looking to see if RANK, RANKL & OPG are associated with TR in cats
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What are RANK,RANKL and OPG?
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Three cytokine-like proteins in the TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) super family
RANK- the receptor activator necrosis factor Kappa B RANKL- the ligand of RANK OPG- osteoprotegerin |
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Where else are these proteins found?
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The regularion of osteoclastogenesis. Hypothesized that odontoblasts have a simiar regulation as osteoclasts.
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Where are these proteins expressed?
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RANKL is a type II transmembrane pol[eptide expressed in lymphoid tissues and on leucocytes, osteoblasts, lymphocytes and stromal cells. It's binding site is RANK, a type I membrane receptor that is expressed by dentdritic cells, foreskin fibroblasts, some T-cells and osteocleasts and their precuresor cells.
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What happens when RANKL binds to RANK?
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Binding of RANKL to RANK on osteocleast precursor cells induces their differentiation into mature, activated osteocleasts, which initiates bone resorption.
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What does OPG do?
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OPG is secreted by osteoblasts and stromal cells as a monomer and a dimer and acts as a decoy receptor for RANKL. OPG inhibits osteoclastogenesis by preventing RANK-RANKL interaction. It's expression is regulated by calciotropic hormones and cytokines.
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What did they find when they used antibiodies to RANK, RANKL and OPG on tooth resorption from cats with TR in 4 different catagories?
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Teeth undergoing resorption usually displayed a strong staining with all three antbodies to RANK, RANKL and OPG.
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What % of resorptive lesions begin apical to the alveolar margin?
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87.5% which agrees with an earlier study.
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What % of teeth had tooth resorption visible radiographically? Was there a good correlation between radiography and TR?
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There was a very good correlation between radiography visiblity and actual tooth resorption. 47% of the teeth had at least one TR lesion.
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What is the correlation between oral evaluation and actual tooth resorption without dental radiography?
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Grossly underestimate.
However, if you look at just 307 & 407 there is a 93% chance you can predict whetherTR is present in a cats mouth.. |
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What was the % of cats in this study that had tooth resorption? What is the reported range?
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75%. High end of reported range which is 30-70%
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How many odontoclasts did they find?
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Odontoclasts were only identified in 1 out of 5 active resorptive lesions. Perhaps due to loss of structural detail during demineralization. Or consider that resorption may not be maintained at a constantly high level, but rather occurs in intermittent waves
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What was the authors theory as to why RANk, RANKL and OPG absent from some areas of TR in group 3?
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Consistent with histopathologic findings of several studies that many teeth with TR such as found in group 3 displayed signs of resorption and repair. Some areas had high levels of all three proteins.
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Did group 4 show the same pattern? (This would be AVDC level 5).
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No staining was observed in lesions of group 4 is compatible with the belief the neither resorption nor repair processes are occuring in this group.
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What was the authors theory as to why tooth resorption is not associated with bone resorption in hyperparathyroidism when both processes appear to utilized the same 3 proteins?
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Levels of OPG mRNA are significantly higher in mature teeth than in alveolar bone provides a rationale that I did not follow as to why teeth do not undergo resorption and alteration when systemic parathyroid hormne levels are high. There are perhaps subtle and local differences in rgulation mechanisms seem to account for the uncoupling of tooth and bone alteration. This seems a stretch to me.
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What other factors have been suggested to contribute to tooth resorption?
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High dietary vitamin D, low oxygen and high pH.
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Effect of Kibble Size , Shape and Additives on Plaque in Cats
by Clarke, Servet et al. |
Dietary study comparing small triangular kibble to larger rectangular kibble plus a small triang kib with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)and a larger rect kib with an ascorbic acid analog
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What were the results and author's conclusions?
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Larger kibble reduced plaque at day 7 and 28. The anticalculus additive (sodium tripolyphosphate) did not reduce plaque. The nutritive coating (ascorbic acid analong) reduced plaque more than the larger kibble size alone.
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What are polyphospates (STPP)? What was the author's hypothesis for why it didn't work?
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Polyphosphates are mineral chelators and mineralization inhibitors. They bind salivary calcium, makin in unavaiable for calcification into the plaque biofilm to for calculus.
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What are some problems with this study?
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They should have included the PRN in a triangular kibble. They were looking at plaque only, so why compare an anticalculus additive? Ideally they should have looked at calculus as well, over a longer period of time and had the larger rectangular kibble with the STPP as well.
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Oral Pathology in Swedish Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 280 Biopsies
by Svendenius, Warfvinge |
Retrospective study, reevaluated by one pathologist confirming diagnosis, comparing results of histopath of oral pathology to previously published results.
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How frequently is the oropharynx the site for malignant neoplasms in dogs?
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5.4%
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What was the original % of oral lesions previously reported?
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20% of all canine oral lesions are non-neoplastic
39% benign neoplasms 41% malignant neoplasms |
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What are the most common malignant oral neoplasms in dogs?
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1. malignant melanoma
2. SCC (had a lower prevelance than in previous study) Oral melanomas represent half of all melanomas in dogs, rare in humans. SCC very common in humans |
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What were the most common benign oral neoplasms?
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1. fibrous hyperplasia (43.5%)
2. peripheral ameloblastomas (17.5%) previous study had it third 3.peripheral odontogenic fibromas (16.9%) |
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What was the median age?
Sex predilection? Breed predilection? |
8 years for median age, in agreement with other studies.
This study had a predilection for females for benign neoplasms in general (not in agreement) and POF in particular (in agreement) Highest numbers of benign neoplasm and reactive lesions were found in the Golden retriever, Boxer and Flat-coated Retriever in this study Most common breed represented in this study was Kerry Blue Terrier but out of 77 breeds this was only 2.9/1000. |
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Regional Odontodysplasia in a Juvenile Dog
by Schamberger, Manfra Marretta et al |
Case report and review.
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What were the reasons the tooth was not saved? No root canal therapy, no orthodontic extrusion?
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Orthodontic extrusion could not be performed due to the multiple dilacerations. It was at risk for endodontic disease and/or progression of the periodontal disease because of the poor quality (missing?) enamelof the erupted portion of the crown and the deep periodontal pockets secondary to maleruption. Endo therapy was not a reasonable option because of the shape of the root canal. And, finally, the tooth was of little function bases on minima eruption.
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What is the difference between complex and compound odontoma and what is their radiographic appearance?
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On radiographs:
1.complex odontoma appears as an irregular mass of calcfied tissue surrounded by a radiolucent band 2. compound odontoma appears as a variable number of miniature tooth-like structures (denticles) durrounded by a radiolucent band. |
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What was the histopathogy of this tooth submitted after extraction?
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Normal appearing, viabe non-inflammatory dental pulp. The dentin underwent a complex dolding and segmental disorganization at the midsection of the tooth. There was disorganized cementum intermingled with dentin that was mostly well-organized, but occasionally poorly formed. The largest abnormality was a the crown of the tooth. There was enamel matrix present after demineralization, indicating that the enamel was poorly mineralized.. The connectin gdentin across the crown was a scalloped appearance and there were free red blood cells and remnants of blood vessels in loose connective tissue between what should have been the crown dentin and fragments of incomopletely lost enamel matrix. The crown dentin was maredy disorganized forming small tubular whirs reminiscent of bone.
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What was the diagnosis based on cinical, radiological and histological evidence?
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Congenital dysplastic development of 104 consistent with the human condition, regional odontodysplasia.
After extraction healed well with no complications and normal occlusion except for the missing tooth. |
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What are 3 other names for regional odontodysplasia in humans?
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Regional odontodysplasia (RO) is also known as
odontogenic dysplasia odontogenesis imperfecta ghost teeth |
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What are the characteristics of RO in humans?
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Clinically, affected teeth are discolored (yellow or brown), have an abnormal shape and a rough surface. Maxillary teeth are affected twice as often as mandibuar teeth. With the central and lateral incisor and canine teeth affected more often than poterior teeth. Permanent teeth are affected more than deciduous teeth. If primary teeth are affected, the permanent teeth are likely to be affected as well.
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What are radiographic features of RO in humans?
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Abnormal tooth morphology with a marked reduction in radiodensity, less thick hard tissues and a wide pulp chamber. Radiodense areas assumed to be calcifications are sen occasionally in the pulp chabers or root canals.
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What are the histological findings of RO in humans?
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RO teeth show a marked reduction in the amount of dentin and an irregular tubular pattern of dentin. The dentin also has areas of interglobular substance. The radicular dentin is generally more normal in structure and cacification. There is hypocalcification of the hypoplastic enamel.
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What are some other odontogenic conditions to rule out?
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Dentina dysplasia, dentinal amelogenesis, and dentinogenesis imperfecta are similar to RO but affect ALL the teeth.
Also rulle out malformed teeth or odontoma. |
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What are the key features of RO in humans?
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The histologic elements of the dental organ: enamel, dentin and cementum are abnormal the affected teeth, while the other teeth in the same individual are normal.
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What are the presenting complaints of RO in humans?
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Delayed or failure of eruption of the teeth. Sometimes there may also be a non-inflammatory gingival swelling in the affected area. These sequelae may be due to severe caries or bacterial acces to the pulp through clefts in the defective enamel or dentin. Humans are also concerned with the esthetics of the condition and may have problems with speech and mastication.
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What is the etiology of RO in humans?
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It is unknown. Although, non-hereditary, there is no single factore that is the cause.
Suggested factors are medications, localized trauma, viral infection, ocalized ischemia, irradiation, somatic mutation, metabolic or nutritional disturbances, and failure of migration of neural crest cells. |
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Why are most RO teeth extracted?
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Non-functional poor quaity teeth. Poor appearance. Extracted to avoid periapical bone loss. Restore the site with a prosthetic appliance. Some dentists wait until the patient has complete skeletal growth before extracting as long as they remain free from infection with the goal of maintaining alveolar bone height, prevent defective jaw development and keep facial symetry. and also to aid future restoration with a fixed presthesis or implant.
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Prosthodontic Treatment of a Wild Jaguar
by Peter Emily |
wax up made and an umbrella crown was fabricated with a post out of gold so it could be adjusted to jaguars tooth in a one step process after RCT. Was successful and she was returned to the wild.
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What are the methods that the lion, tiger eopard and jauar kill their prey?
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Lion suffocates prey
Tiger bites the back of the neck Leopard bites the throat Jaguar kills by crushing the skull (making the canine tooth being strong essential for survival in the wild). |
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Why were TMS pins used in addition to the post?
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The pins prevent coronal rotation and also profice additiona surface are for enhanced retention.
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Presence and quantification of mast cells in the gingiva of cats with tooth resorption, periodontitis and chronic stomatitis. Arch Oral Biol
by Ari Murphy, Cox et al. |
The inflammatory score in the TR group was significantly lower as acompared to the stomatis or periodontitis groups, yet with simalr density of mast cells.
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What was the authors conclusion?
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In the gingiva of cats affected with TR, stomatitis and periodontitis there is an increase in the number of mast cells. The high number of mast cells in the TR group and concurrent mild inflammatory reaction suggest the idea that mast cells may potentially play a role in the pathogenesis of TR.
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Mandibular rim excision in seven dogs. Vet Surg
by Arzi, Verstraete |
Surgical technique is discribed for rim excisions, leaving the mandibular canal intact and attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa are sutured over the bony defect.
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What was the authors conclusion?
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Mandibular rim excision , with preservation of the ventral cortex and mandiublar canal content can be a good option for treatment of early odontogenic and malignant lesions of the mandible in medium to large breed dogs.
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Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) collagen composites enhance bone healing in a dog tooth extraction socket model.
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OCP/Col (porcine atelocollagen sponge) when placed in an extraction socket would enhance enlargement of the buccal alveolus sig > than untreated control and therefore enhance bone healing.
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Laser-aided circimferential supracrestal fiberotomy and low-level laser therapy effects on relapse of rotated teeth in beagles. Angle Orthod
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Comparing laser circiumferential supracrestal fierotomy (CSF) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on orthodontically rotated teeth in beagles.
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What were the author's conclusions?
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Laser CSF is an effective procedure to decrease relapse after tooth rotation, whereas LLLT appears to increase the relapse tendency.
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Dental abnormalities associated with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in dogs.
Lewis,Reiter Orhod Crandiofac Res |
X-lined hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) occurs in several species including humans, mice, cattle and dogs. The dog form is very like the human form making the dog model a good one to study the human disease.
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What are the findings in XLHED?
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Crown and root abnormalities are common, including hypodontia, oligodontia, conical crown shape, decreased number of cusps, decreased number of roots and dilacerated roots. Persistent deciduous teeth common. Malocclusion was common. And Angle Class I mesioversion of the maxillary and/or mandibular canine teeth noted in 15 out of 17 dogs. Angle class III malocclusion (maxillary brachygnathism) was seen in one dog.
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Does the center of resistance depend on the direction of tooth movement?
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Comparing the locations of centers of resistance in the buccolingual and mesiodistal directions of the mandibular central incisors in 6 dogs. And they found the CRes location for BL tooth movement is sig more apical than its MD counterpart.
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The use of rim excision as a treatment for canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma. J AHAA
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Appears to be viable option for CAA. Results in improved dental occlusion sosmesis and no evidence of epulis recurrence.
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Treatment of caudal mandibular fracture and temporomandibular joint fracture-luxation using a biognathic encircling and retaining device. (BEARD)
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Nylon leader line tunnelled around the maxilla , incisive and nasal bones and under the mandible just candal to the canine teeth.
Dental occlusion was perfect in 6 out of 7 cases. Compications included dorsal nasa skin swelling or discharge, esophagostomy tube displacement or blockage, BEARD loosening and regurgitation. |
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What was the authors conclusions?
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Tx of bi or unilateral mandibular caudal fractures or TMJ luxation can be treated this way. You can get clinical union, perfect rostral occlusion and noraml subjective jaw function provided that case selection is appropriate and the post op occlusion is perfect to begin with.
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A comparative study of dental pulp response to several pulpotomy agents.
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To compare in vivo response to calcium hydroxide, MTA and a dendodontic alcium enriched mixture cement (CEM).
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What were the results and conclusion?
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No difference between MTA and CEM response in terms of calcified bridge formation, pulp vitality and lack of inflammation.
MTA and CEM about the same for favorable biological response to pulpotomy treatment and both were more effective in dentinal bridge formation than CaOH |
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Effect of Periodontitis on Suscetibility to Atrial Fibrillation in an Anial Model. J Electrocardiol
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Periodontitis was induced in 12 dogs by tying silk ligatures. Blood samples were taken for C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Blood tests, ECG.Death after 90 days.Testing the hypothesis that inflammation facilitates atrial fibrillation.
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What was the authors conclusions?
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Periodontitis led to inflammatory responses in the atrial myocardium which disturbed the structural and electrophysiologic properties of the atrium and facilitated AF
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Elastic Training for the Prevention of Mandibular Drift Following Mandibulectomy in Dogs: 18 cases (2005-2008)
Bar-Am, Verstraete |
This is a way to prevent mandibular drift in dogs that hada resetion of a portion of the mandible caudal to the 2nd mandibular premolar tooth.
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Where were the orthodontic buttons attached?
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One orthodontic button was attached to the lingual aspect of the canine tooth of the intact mandible and one to the buccal aspect of the ipsilateral maxillary 4th premolar tooth.
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How tight was the chain tightened? What was the followup?
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Tightened just to normal occlusion. Follow up at 2,6,10 and monthly thereafter if needed. Client changed the orthodontic rubber chain weekly.
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What were the results?
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All had normal occlusion when the appliance was in place. 8 had normal occlusion and good stability at 4.5-6 month recheck and 8 had mandibular drift. The failures were with the clients that did not follow through with the chain.
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