Juvenile Delinquency Terms Ch.1

Front 1

Ego identity

Back 1

The development of a sense of who you are and what you stand for, according to Erik Erickson

Front 2

Role diffusion and its effect on delinquency

Back 2

When children spread themselves to thin and have a lack of personal identity putting them at the mercy of a leader that promises to give them a sense of identity

Front 3

What are at risk youth “at risk” of

Back 3

Problems at home, school, and community

Front 4

Practices of at risk youth

Back 4

Failing in school, using drugs, and having sexual relations at an earlier age

Front 5

Effect of poverty on children

Back 5

Impairment of health, achievement, and behavior

Front 6

Effects of substandard housing

Back 6

Long-term psychological health problems, dying at an early age, homelessness, drug addiction, and STDs

Front 7

Define “risky” behaviors

Back 7

actions that have the potential to be emotionally, physically, mentally, financially hazardous, and sometimes life threatening along with many other possible consequences

Front 8

child discipline in the middle ages

Back 8

Was very harsh and swift. It wouldn’t be unheard of to have a child attend a public hanging in order to instill fear of lack of discipline. The type of “whipping” they’d receive may be closer to abusive than to being discipline

Front 9

Reasons for risk taking behaviors

Back 9

Many youth have the potential to become involved with risky options because of any uncertainty they may feel about their life’s social status, dealing with solutions created by lawmakers who didn’t concern themselves with any long term damage control for their actions, society puts to much emphasis on consumerism and it becomes pressure to the youth, lack of guidance, ethnicity, gender issues

Front 10

parent child bond in the middle ages

Back 10

Parents rarely bonded with their very young children at this time. They were highly aware of the possible mortality of their child.

Front 11

“chronic 6%”

Back 11

A small group of youth that engage in most of all delinquent practices and do not grow out of practicing criminal behavior but instead continue the behavior into their adulthood

Front 12

nuclear family

Back 12

The family style that our current society would recognize as being a family

Front 13

Paternalistic family

Back 13

A family setup where the father is the final authority on all family matters and exercise complete control of all family members

Front 14

The Enlightenment

Back 14

This is a time when family life became much more relaxed and centered more on freedom, living life, and the authoritarian feel became much softer

Front 15

controversy of the “miniature adult”

Back 15

The belief that children of the middle ages were thought of and treated like miniature versions of their parents as they would be expected at a very young age to work right alongside the adults

Front 16

Poor laws

Back 16

Were statutes that were put into place to help the poor and destitute through the courts who appointed people to oversee the placement of the needy. As far as the destitute and neglected children of society, the overseers placed them as servants in the homes of the more wealthy members of society

Front 17

Voluntary apprentice

Back 17

To help parents free themselves from the responsibility (financial) of raising a child, they send their children to work as an apprentice and they’d have legal authority over the child and the parents would receive some sort of fee

Front 18

Schooling and the Factory Act

Back 18

This described a small amount of education that was to be provided to the children by the factory owners

Front 19

Involuntary apprentice

Back 19

This was a situation that was set up by a legal authority and it would normally be set in place until the child was twenty one. But, until then their master would have complete authority

Front 20

Stubborn Child Laws

Back 20

These laws were passed and geared toward the strict discipline placed on children and lawfully required children to obey their parents

Front 21

Chancery courts

Back 21

Fifteenth century English courts who appoint overseers for highborn minors that couldn’t take care of themselves for any number of reasons including being orphaned

Front 22

Child Savers

Back 22

Those reformers of the Nineteenth century who sought to develop programs for the youth that were in trouble and ultimately influenced legislation to create a separate justice system for juveniles

Front 23

Parens patriae

Back 23

When the king (or the state) was given the power to provide care and protection of a child that was equal to that of a parent
Mainly to act in the best interest of the child

Front 24

Ages of culpability in British legal tradition

Back 24

Children from age seven to the age of fourteen were believed to have the ability to take responsibility for their own actions

Front 25

Factory Act

Back 25

An act set in place to limit the hours children were to work and limit the age at which they were to be sent out to work

Front 26

Minor child in US

Back 26

Some places a minor is under seventeen and other places the number is eighteen

Front 27

Is juvenile court a criminal or civil court?

Back 27

It seems to balance a little of each court into the proceedings of the juvenile court. Having a great similarity to the civil court, they strive to meet the needs for treatment of the minor

Front 28

OJJDP

Back 28

Branch of the Justice Department with the task of disbursing federal aid and research funds to shape the national juvenile justice policy

Front 29

Reasons delinquents treated more leniently than adults

Back 29

They’re believed to be less responsible for their actions

Front 30

Can a status offender be placed in secure confinement?

Back 30

An offender can be placed in a secure facility if a judge deems they are in contempt of court

Front 31

Waiver

Back 31

This is an action that takes place when juvenile offender’s actions become serious enough to transfer their court proceedings to an adult criminal court

Front 32

Are curfew laws effective?

Back 32

They have not shown to decrease particular criminal behavior but rather shift the hours of the day that the crimes are being committed

Front 33

Status offense

Back 33

Behavior that would not be illegal but for the fact that the conduct is performed by someone who is under age

Front 34

CHINS MINS PINS YINS JINS

Back 34

children, minors, person, youth, or juveniles that need supervision

Front 35

Involuntary apprentice

Back 35

This was a situation that was set up by a legal authority and it would normally be set in place until the child was twenty one. But, until then their master would have complete authority

Front 36

The factory system

Back 36

Would become the system that all but eliminates the apprentice system. It was basically a system that was believed to be the answer to help displaced youth, with a belief that the only way to help them was through hard work, education, and strict discipline