Juvenile Delinquency Quiz 3

Front 1

House of Refuge

Back 1

A care facility developed by the child savers to protect potential criminal youths by taking them off the street and providing a family-like environment.

Front 2

Children's Aid Society

Back 2

Child saving organization that took children from the streets of large cities and placed them with farm families on the prairie.

Front 3

Orphan Trains

Back 3

The name for trains in which urban youths were sent west by the Children's Aid Society for adoption with local farm couples.

Front 4

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children

Back 4

First established in 1874, these organizations protected children subjected to cruelty and neglect at home or at school.

Front 5

Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)

Back 5

Unit in the U.S. Department of Justice established by the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 to administer grants and provide guidance for crime prevention policy and programs.

Front 6

Juvenile Justice Process

Back 6

Under the paternal philosophy, juvenile justice procedures are informal and nonadversarial, invoked for the juvenile offender rather than against him or her; a petition instead of a complaint is filed; courts make findings of involvement or adjudication of delinquency instead of convicitions

Front 7

Detention Hearing

Back 7

A hearing by a judicial officer of a juvenile court determine whether a juvenile is to be detained or released while juvenile proceedings are pending in the case.

Front 8

Adjudicatory Hearing

Back 8

The fact-finding process wherein the juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to sustain the allegations in a petition.

Front 9

Bifurcated Process

Back 9

The procedure of separating adjudicatory and dispositionary hearings so different levels of evidence can be heard at each.

Front 10

Dispostion

Back 10

For juvenile offenders, the equivalent of sentencing for adult offenders; however, juvenile dispositions should be more rehabilitative than retributive.

Front 11

Petition

Back 11

Document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juveniles is a delinquent, a status offender, or a dependent and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile.

Front 12

Teen Courts

Back 12

Courts that make use of peer juries to decide non-serious delinquency cases.

Front 13

Drug Courts

Back 13

Courts whose focus is to provide treatment for youths accused of drug-related acts.

Front 14

Pledge System

Back 14

Early English system in which neighbors protected each other from thieves and warring groups.

Front 15

Watch System

Back 15

Replaced the pledge system in England; watchmen patrolled urban areas at night to provide protection from harm.

Front 16

Community Policing

Back 16

Police strategy that emphasizes reducing fear, organizing the community, and maintaining order rather than fighting crime.

Front 17

Juvenile Officers

Back 17

Police officers who specialize in dealing with juvenile offenders; they may operate alone or as a part of a juvenile police unit within the department.

Front 18

Role Conflicts

Back 18

Conflicts police officers face that revolve around the requirement to perform their primary duty of a law enforcement and a desire to aid in rehabilitating youthful offenders.

Front 19

Informant

Back 19

A person who has access to criminal networks and shares information with authorities in exchange for money or special treatment under conditions of anonymity.

Front 20

Problem-Oriented Policing

Back 20

Law enforcement that focuses on addressing the problems underlying incidents of juvenile delinquency rather than the incidents only.

Front 21

Arrest

Back 21

Taking a person into the custody of the law to restrain the accused until he or she can be held accountable for the offense in court proceedings.

Front 22

Probable Cause

Back 22

Reasonable grounds to believe than an offense was committed and that the accused committed that offense.

Front 23

Search and Seizure

Back 23

The U.S. Constitution protects citizens from any search and seizure by police without a lawfully obtained search warrant; such warrants are issued when there is probable cause to believe and offense has been committed.

Front 24

Custodial Interrogation

Back 24

Questions posed by the police to a suspect held in custody in the prejudicial stage of the juvenile justice process; juveniles have the same rights against self-incrimination as adults do when being questioned.

Front 25

Miranda Warning

Back 25

Supreme Court decisions require police officers to inform individuals of their constitutional rights when under arrest; warning must also be given when suspicion begins to focus on an individual in the accusatory stage.

Front 26

Discretion

Back 26

Use of personal decision making and choice in carrying out operations in the criminal justice system, such as deciding whether to make an arrest or when to accept a plea bargain.

Front 27

Procedural Justice

Back 27

An evaluation of the fairness of the manner in which an offender's problem or dispute was handled by police.

Front 28

Juvenile Defense Attorney

Back 28

Represents children in juvenile court and plays an active role at all stages of the proceedings.

Front 29

Guardian ad litem

Back 29

A court-appointed attorney who protects the interests of the child in cases involving the child's welfare.

Front 30

Public Defender

Back 30

An attorney who works in a public agency or under private contractual agreement as defense counsel to indigent defendants.

Front 31

Juvenile Prosecutor

Back 31

Government attorney responsible for representing the interests of the state and bringing the case against eh accused juvenile.

Front 32

Juvenile Court Judge

Back 32

A judge elected or appointed to preside over juvenile cases and whose decisions can only be reviewed by a judge of a higher court.

Front 33

Detention

Back 33

Temporary care of a child alleged to be delinquent who requires secure custody in physically restricting facilities pending court disposition or execution of a court order.

Front 34

Shelter Care

Back 34

A place for temporary care of children in physically unrestricting facilities.

Front 35

Bail

Back 35

Amount of money that must be paid as a condition of pretrial release to ensure that the accused will return for subsequent proceedings.

Front 36

Preventive Detention

Back 36

Keeping the accused in custody prior to trial because the accused is suspected of being a danger to the community.

Front 37

Intake

Back 37

Process during which a juvenile referral is received and a decision is made to file a petition in juvenile court to release the juvenile, to place the juvenile under supervision, or to refer the juvenile elsewhere.

Front 38

Consent Decree

Back 38

A court order authorizing disposition of a case without a formal label of delinquency.

Front 39

Diversion

Back 39

Official halting or suspending of formal criminal or juvenile justice proceedings at any legally prescribed processing point after a recorded justice system entry, and referral of that person to a treatment or care program or a recommendation that the person be released.

Front 40

Widening the Net

Back 40

Phenomenon that occurs when programs created to divert youths from the justice system actually involve them more deeply in the official process.

Front 41

Complaint

Back 41

Report made by the police or some other agency to the court that initiates the intake process.

Front 42

Plea Bargaining

Back 42

The exchange of prosecutorial and judicial concessions for a guilty plea by the accused; usually results in a reduced charge or a more lenient sentence.

Front 43

Transfer Process

Back 43

Transfer of a juvenile offender from the jurisdiction of juvenile court to adult criminal court.

Front 44

Transfer Hearing

Back 44

Preadjudicatory hearing in juvenile court for the purpose of determining whether juvenile court should be retained over a juvenile or waived and the juvenile transferred to adult court for prosecution.

Front 45

Due Process

Back 45

Safeguards the individual from unfair state procedures in judicial or administrative proceedings. Have been extended to juvenile trials.

Front 46

Least Detrimental Alternative

Back 46

Choice of a program for the child that will best foster the child's growth and development

Front 47

Indeterminate Sentence

Back 47

Does not specify length of time the juvenile must be held; rather, correctional authorities decide when the juvenile Is ready to return to society.

Front 48

Individualized Treatment Model

Back 48

Each sentence must be tailored to the individual needs of the child

Front 49

Determinate Sentence

Back 49

Specifies a fixed term of detention that must be served.

Front 50

Mandatory Sentence

Back 50

Defined by a statutory requirement that states the penalty to be set for all cases of a specific offense.

Front 51

Final Order

Back 51

Order that ends litigation between two parties by determining all their rights and disposing of all the issues.

Front 52

Appellate Process

Back 52

Allows the juvenile an opportunity to have the case brought before a reviewing court after it has been heard in juvenile or family court.

Front 53

Wirt of Habeas Corpus

Back 53

Judicial order requesting that a person detaining another person produce the body of the prisoner and give reasons for his or her capture and detention.

Front 54

Confidentiality

Back 54

Restriction of information in juvenile court proceedings in the interest of protecting the privacy of the juvenile.