Just The Pink Stuff Path Final

Front 1

Autoimmunity Succeptibility" genes

Back 1

HLA class II antigen linkage
HLA B27 induction

Front 2

Costimulation, INfection induced AI mechanism

Back 2

1- microbe stimulates APC that also shows Self, activated T-cell sees self- attacks
2- self reactive T-cell is activated when shown microbe particles- attacks self

Front 3

Antinuclear antibodies

Back 3

antibodies against nuclear cytoplasm components

Front 4

Generic ANA

Back 4

RNA, DNA, Protein reactive

Front 5

ANA test

Back 5

dsDNA, Smith Ag, Antihistone
Sensitive for SLE
SOme Tp and some Fp
NOT specific

Front 6

Major SLE factors

Back 6

Genetic, Non-genetic, B cell hyperactivity

Front 7

Non- genetic SLE factors

Back 7

Drugs, sex hormones, UV light damage changes DNA to anti-DNA

Front 8

B Cell involvment with SLE

Back 8

CD4+ cells cause self reactive B cells to make antibodies
or something like that

Front 9

SLE type II hypersensitivity

Back 9

Abs are direct mediators of damage
Hematologic: WBC, RBC, Platelet

Front 10

Type III hypersensitivity

Back 10

Lesions mediated by immune complexes
Arthritis, skin, feve3r, fatigue
Glomerular (anti-DNA complex)

Front 11

SLE and small blood vessels

Back 11

Acute- necrotizing vasculitis w/ fibrinoid deposits involving small AA IgDNAC3 in vessel walls
Chronic- fibrosis and intimal thickening

Front 12

SLE and Skin

Back 12

lesions exacerbated by sunlight, basal layer liquefaction,
mononuclear cell infiltrate around the BVs
Butterfly Rash

Front 13

Kidney and SLE

Back 13

DNA and antiDNA are not filterable- cause damage
Type III hypersensitivity
Late- Changes to Type IV

Front 14

Kidney and SLE WHO class I to III

Back 14

I-normal
II- Mesengeial lupus
III- focal Glomerular nephritis

Front 15

Kidney and SLE WHO class IV,V

Back 15

IV diffuse proliferative GN,
V Membranous GN

Front 16

SLE and serosa

Back 16

pericardial and serous effusions, fibrous exudates, opacification

Front 17

SLE cardiovascular

Back 17

Pericarditis, Myocarditis, vascular endocarditis,
Libman Sachs
Atherosclerosis

Front 18

Warty Vegitations on heart valves

Back 18

SLE Libman Sachs

Front 19

SLE and Joints

Back 19

like the ganja, reefer, stank, stash, hashish, weed, clo,

Artritis, mononuclear infiltrates, no deformity

Front 20

CNS and SLE

Back 20

Microvascular injury
Multiforcal cerebral microinfarcts due to microvascular injury

Front 21

Drug induced lupus

Back 21

like SLE
HIP drugs suckas
ANA+ for HISTONE
Stop RX

Front 22

ANA+ for histone

Back 22

Drug induced SLE/Lupus

Front 23

Sicca syndrome

Back 23

Sjorgen w/o other AI disease
Pic- enormous parotid glands

Front 24

Sjorgen ANAs

Back 24

Anti SS-A
Anti SS-B

Front 25

Sjorgen Pt increased risk for

Back 25

B-cell lymphoma in glands

Front 26

Def: Systemic Sclerosis

Back 26

Inflammatory and fibrotic ghanges throughout interstitium of many organs

Front 27

Systemic Sclerosis and GI

Back 27

Can't swallow

Front 28

CREST

Back 28

Systemic Sclerosis
Calcium (something)
Raynauds
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia

Front 29

Unique ANAs to systemic scleroderma

Back 29

Anticentromere- limited to CREST
SCL-70 DNA topoisomerase- in diffuse S.S.

Front 30

JO-1

Back 30

inflammatory myopathy Ab against T. RNS synthetase
Dermatomyositis, polymyositis

Front 31

Inflammatory myopathies

Back 31

Dermatomyositis, polymositis
inflammatory disorder that injures skeletal muscle

Front 32

B-Cell Marker

Back 32

CD: 19, 20, 21

Front 33

NK cell markers

Back 33

CD16, CD56

Front 34

CD4 T helper cell Role

Back 34

inflammation, stimulation of B lymphocytes, Cytokines released, acitvation of macrophages

Front 35

Two types of CD4 and MHC class

Back 35

TH1-CMI
TH2- Humoral
Both: MHC, II (HLA DP, DR, DQ)

Front 36

TH1 cell function and cytokine

Back 36

CMI- IL1 IFN

Front 37

TH2 Cell function and Cytokine

Back 37

HUM- IL 4,5

Front 38

CD8 MHC complex

Back 38

MHC1 (ALA A,B,C)

Front 39

HLA-B2

Back 39

Ankylosing spondylitis

Front 40

Type I hypersensitivity Rxn

Back 40

IgE regulated, immediate
Peniciillin, or hives- Urticaria
Local/Atopic

Front 41

Type II hypersensitivity Rxn

Back 41

Antibody Mediated
SLE,

Front 42

Type III hypersensitivity Rxn

Back 42

Immune complex mediated
SLE- Kidney Probs

Front 43

Type IV hypersensitivity Reactin

Back 43

CD4
Cell mediated - Delayed
Poison oak, contact dermititis

Front 44

Immediate hypersensitivity prototype disorder

Back 44

Anaphylaxis

Front 45

immediate hypersensitivity immune mech

Back 45

IgE antibodiy mediate release of vasoactive amines
Recruit inflammatory cells

Front 46

Immediate hypersensitivity immune pathology

Back 46

Tissue injury, inflammation
Vascular dilation, SmM contraction, mucus production

Front 47

Type II Hyp Prototype

Back 47

Aemolytic anemia
Goodpasture syndrome

Front 48

type II Hyp Immune mech

Back 48

IgG, M bind to targe cell/tissue- phagocytosis or lysis by activated complement or FC receptors

Front 49

Type II hyp immune lesion pathology

Back 49

PhagoC and lysis of cells

Front 50

Type III hypersesitivity
Prototype
Mech
Pathologic lesion

Back 50

SLE: glomerular nephritis
Deposition of complexes-> complement activated-> leukocytes release enzymes and toxins
INflammation, necrotizing vasculitis

Front 51

CM hypersensitivity prototype
Mecha
lesion

Back 51

Contact dermititis, MS, type I DM, RA, IBS, TB (all the acronyms)
activated CD4 t lymphocyte does 2 things
1-cytokines- inflammation
2- T-cell mediated cytotoxicity
Perivascular infiltrates, edema, granuloma, cell destruction

Front 52

Type I local vs systemic

Back 52

Hives/Urticaria vs Penicillin anaphylaxis

Front 53

Myasthenia Gravis

Back 53

Type II block of NMJ

Front 54

Graves' disease

Back 54

Type II antibodies activate thyroid stimulating hormone

Front 55

Transplant rejection hyperacute

Back 55

recepient has pre-formed antidonor antibodies, minutes to hours for rxn
Acute vasculits
Dead organ

Front 56

Transplant rejection acute

Back 56

days to weeks
need to give immune suppressin
also has associated complications

Front 57

Transplant rejection chronic

Back 57

Late presentation
Vascular change and interstitial fibrous deposits
Dead organ- no salvage

Front 58

increase graft sufvival

Back 58

HLA/Immunosuppression
INcreased risk of EBV induced lymphoid tumors

Front 59

Transplant major complication

Back 59

GVH disease

Front 60

GVH disease complications Sx
Graft vs host

Back 60

jaundice, bloody diarrhea, generalized rash

Front 61

Brutons

Back 61

B cell maturation problem
lack of mature B cells
X-linked
Recurrent baacterial infections
Rudimentary Appendix and tonsils

Front 62

IgA dificiency major complication

Back 62

Serous anaphylactic reaction due to blood transfusion

Front 63

Hyper IgM pathogenicity

Back 63

Mutation in CD40, CD40L
(t cells fail to induce B cells to produce other immunogloblulin
no macro activation, no isotope switch)

Front 64

Job syndrome

Back 64

Hyper IgE, eiosinophelia, hyper rxn to allergens
Recurrent STAPH infections

Front 65

Wiskott Aldrich Pathogenesis

Back 65

Wasp Protein cytoskeleton defect in signal

Front 66

C1q, C2, C4 deficiency

Back 66

SLE, AI

Front 67

C3 deficiency

Back 67

serious pyogenic infections and glomerular nephritis

Front 68

C5-C8 deficiency

Back 68

Lysing loss
Nisseria infections

Front 69

C1q esterase inhibior

Back 69

Hereditary angioedema, autosomal dominant
stress edema, increase complement cascade

Front 70

AL

Back 70

RA- most common cause, acute phase reactant
liver, kidney, spleen

Front 71

AB2

Back 71

Alzheimers
Not dialized in kidneys- transmembrane glycoproteins APP-apoE complex increases in blood

Front 72

ATTR

Back 72

Prealbumin
Cardiac and neural sx

Front 73

AB2M

Back 73

Pt on long term dialysis
Tendon deposition- carpal tunnel
Class I MHC

Front 74

Hereditary ATTR

Back 74

Prealbumin, causes polyneuropathy

Front 75

Acal

Back 75

Thyroid gland C cell
Some boloney about calcium in the blood
look for bifrigence!

Front 76

What does amyloidosis do

Back 76

deposits all over the place- imagine the organ- now imagine the organ stuffed with deposits- it simply don't work that well anymore

Front 77

Congo Red

Back 77

amyloidosis dx

Front 78

Gp120, 41

Back 78

HIV envelope glycoproteins

Front 79

HIV infectious mechanism

Back 79

enter mucosa- infect T cell, macrophage, dendritic cells- moves to and establishes in lymph tissues where it remains the reservoir for infections

Front 80

HIV must.... to enter cell

Back 80

bind- CD4-gp12o binding causes conform change in gP41
T-CXCR, increases virulence and emergence
M-CCR5 (Macro, mono, lymph)

Front 81

CD4 vs 8 Ratio in HIV

Back 81

should be 1:1 or greater (2:1)
less than 1-1 is HIV
MORE FOUR

Front 82

Mucosal vs Dendritic follicular cells

Back 82

mucosal- entrance to infection
dend- reservoir of HIV in lymph nodes

Front 83

HIV- why no granulomas?

Back 83

No CD4= no granuloma or killing
Foamy cells loaded with bacteria

Front 84

Acute HIV clinical

Back 84

Low blood virus- present in lymph nodes
Fever, mono-like, diarrhea, enlarged lymph nodes
aseptic meningitis

Front 85

Middle HIV phase

Back 85

HIV + ab test
7-10 yrs

Front 86

Late Stage HIV

Back 86

fever longer than a month
gharacteristic increase in virus
CD4<200

Front 87

AIDs

Back 87

Late HIV confirmed and one opportunisti infection

Front 88

HIV Elisa Test

Back 88

Ab present- LATE

Front 89

HIV candidiasis

Back 89

Late HIV- oral and vulvovag
AIDS- esophageal, tracheal, pneumonitis

Front 90

CMV + HIV

Back 90

Causes disease in areas outside of normal:
lymph, liver, spleen, GI colitis w/ ulcers
Chorioretinitis

Front 91

Chorioretinits

Back 91

Blindness w/ decreased CD4 and CMV

Front 92

Bartonella lesions

Back 92

bacillary antiomatosis
erythomatous papules and nodules
liver spleen lymphnodes

Front 93

Aids squamous carcinoma

Back 93

HPV warty warts

Front 94

Lipodystrophy syndrome

Back 94

Fat redistribution to buffalo hump when using HIV antiretrovirals

Front 95

Immune reconstitution inflammatory disease

Back 95

Appearance of sx from a previous infection in HIV during Antiretroviral therapy

Front 96

Oligohydraminos will appear bilaterally

Back 96

And diaphragm hernia will be unilateral- like your mom, it will be on the L

Front 97

Lung cystic adenomatous malformation

Back 97

Hamartomatous dilated bronchioles
CPAM= cysts in cycstic pupm ad....
CPAM= CYSTS dangitt

Front 98

absorptive/resorptive atelactassis

Back 98

complete airway obstruction
Post-op fever w/in 24 hrs (everything else takes longer)
mucus plugs in small airways
Mediastinal shift TOWARDS atelactaisis

Front 99

Compression/relaxation atelactasis

Back 99

due to accumulation in pleural space
effusion or pneumo
Mediastinum moves AWAY FROM atelactasis

Front 100

Microvascular injury edema pathway

Back 100

capillary injuyr in alveoli, cap perm increases
- edema (in any location as well)

Front 101

ARDS

Back 101

pulmonary lesions (DAD) that manifest as congestion, edema, surfactant disruption, atelactasis injury
__++++==== interstitial fibrosis

Front 102

ARDS morph

Back 102

Diffuse alveolar damage (increase perm= edema)
Gross: Airless, heavy, consolidated
Micro: Alveolar necrosis, neutrphil, hyaline membrane from exudates

Front 103

FEV1 and Ratio in
COPD vs Restrictive

Back 103

Decreased FEV and ratio
vs
Decreased FVC no change in ratio (note FVC)

Front 104

Centriacinar emphysema

Back 104

Central part; Respiratory bronch
Starts at apex of lung from inhaled irritants (smoking)

Front 105

Panacinar emphysema

Back 105

Resp bronchioles, entire panacinus
PIzz- a1 antitrypsin

Front 106

PiZZ/PiMM

Back 106

Panacincar Emphyzema/ normal genotype

Front 107

Bullous

Back 107

Supleural bleb or bullae (balloon) >1cm
in all types of emphysema
Rupture = PneumoT

Front 108

Chronic Bronchitis featurs

Back 108

Sputum increase
increase CO2, cyanosis, heart failure
Blue bloater
increase airway resistance, large heart

Front 109

Bronchioloitis appearance vs Emphysema

Back 109

Blue vs Pink

Front 110

Atopic Asthma

Back 110

Type I hypersensitivity due to exposure to simulatnts

Front 111

Intrinsic asthma

Back 111

Rhinovirus/parainfluenza- decrease vagal receptor threshold

Front 112

Asthma Morphology

Back 112

Mucus plug, Eosinophils, eosinophils
smm mhyperplasia. Sub basement membrane fibrosis

Front 113

Bronchiectasis

Back 113

Chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi and bhronchioles
leading to an associated permenant abnormal dilation of bronchi

Front 114

Restrictive Lung Disease Clinical Features

Back 114

Vasc Damage
decreased vent/perfusion ratio
decresed CO diffusinon capacity
no abscesses, decreased compliance

Front 115

RLD radiographic findings

Back 115

Reticulonodular or Ground Glass pattern

Front 116

Ground glass Pattern

Back 116

Restrictive lung disease

Front 117

Idiopathic fibrosis appearance

Back 117

Cobblestone surface
Cold-Stone Creamery

Front 118

Silicosis Clinic/morph

Back 118

Gelatinous sputum,
nodules of upper lungs, Massive fibrosis,
lymph node calcification
polarized bifringent

Front 119

Prussian Blue

Back 119

Asbestis

Front 120

Ferruginous bodies

Back 120

Asbestos bodies: golden brown fusiform rods coated iby iron containing protein

Front 121

Pleural plaques

Back 121

Flat- well circumscribed rubbery
on parietal pleura, often calcified
THICK WHITE covering

Front 122

Schaumann bodies

Back 122

Concretions in sarcoidosis

Front 123

Asteroid bodies

Back 123

stellate structures within the giant cell in sarcoidosis

Front 124

Sarcoid plaques and nodules

Back 124

Sarcoid granules- systemic even to feet

Front 125

Sarcoidosis lab

Back 125

POLYclonal hypergammaglobulinemia

Front 126

Desqamation interstitial Pneumonia

Back 126

DIP- smokers, macrophages plug alveoli
stop smoking= good prognosis

Front 127

Pulm Embolism consequences

Back 127

pulm htn
sudden death, hemorrages, infarct, effusionsS

Front 128

Smoking Path

Back 128

increased necrosis in alveoli

Front 129

Resp bronchiolitis

Back 129

smoke increases macrophages which induce all sorts of nasty

Front 130

Any chronic lung disease

Back 130

leads to pulmonary HTN

Front 131

Idiopathic pulmonary HTN

Back 131

2 hit theory BMPR2

Front 132

BMPR2

Back 132

inhibits proliferation of SmM and favors apoptosis
w/o it- sm m proliferation in arterioles

Front 133

Pumonary A HTN morphology

Back 133

Large A- Atheroma
Small A- Plexiform lesions
Inhibits prolif of SmM

Front 134

Goodpasture syndrome

Back 134

lung injury via type II hypersensitivity
Hemoptysis and diffuse hemmorhage
Antiglomerular basement membrane Agbs in Kidney/lung

Front 135

Wegeners SLE

Back 135

C-ANCA
Vasculitis associated hemmorhage
epistaxis, sinusitis, scattered granulomas

Front 136

Bronchopneumonia place/cause
clinical

Back 136

Lobular. H Inf, SAureus,
Patchy, lung abscesses, empyema- can disseminate to H valve

Front 137

Lobar pneumonia place/cause
clinical

Back 137

Lobar (entire lobe) S. Pneumoniae
1-congestion
2- red hepatization
3- grey hepatization (fibrous supparitive exudates)

Front 138

Complications of Pneumonia

Back 138

Abscess, empyima, change to scar tissue, decrease in air space, sepsis

Front 139

Atypical pneumonia symptoms
cause

Back 139

Hacking cough, no sputum secondary to bacterial infection
Coxiella Burnetti, virus, infA,B,RSV

Front 140

Atypical Bronchopneumonia

Back 140

No alveolar exudates= viruses in wall of alveolae

Front 141

Lung Abscesses

Back 141

Klebsiella, staph,
Aspiration of oral contents can cause septic embolus
LAst a long time

Front 142

Squamous Cell Carcimoma

Back 142

Closest Correlation with smoking

Front 143

Small Cell Carcinoma Paraneoplastic syndromes

Back 143

Cushings, SAIDH (decrease Na), Calcitionin- decrease ca, Gastric lcer, Lambert eaton (m weakness)

Front 144

Small Cell Carcinoma Molecule

Back 144

Cyanptophysin
Chronogranuin

Front 145

Squamous cell carcinoma Morph

Back 145

polyclonal, eosinophylic cytoplasm
Pearls may cavitate

Front 146

Squamous cell carcinoma PNP

Back 146

Makes PTH- HYPERcalcemia

Front 147

Adenocarcinoma

Back 147

Female >male
no connection to smoking
early metastasis/airborne mets

Front 148

Adenocarcinoma Morphology

Back 148

Glands/tubes

Front 149

Bronchoalveolar (cancer) morphology

Back 149

Grows along the alveolae orderly

Front 150

Bronchal carcinoid

Back 150

Seratonin 5HT

Front 151

Pancoasts Tumor

Back 151

superior sulcus- apex of lung
compression of sympathetic ganglion

Front 152

Lambert Eaton Mesentaric

Back 152

small cell carcinoma

Front 153

Biphases of mesothelioma

Back 153

Sarco- fibrosarcoma-- fibrous
Epithelial- adenocarcinoma- round

Front 154

Viral URTI morphology

Back 154

nasal/mucosal swelling
OTITIS media

Front 155

TBxray

Back 155

bilateral upper lobe sclerotic image

Front 156

Abscess

Back 156

Air fluid level

Front 157

Ground Glass

Back 157

Restrictive lung disease

Front 158

Apical disease

Back 158

TB

Front 159

Flat Diaphragm

Back 159

Emphysema

Front 160

Lower fluid accumulation

Back 160

Compression- effusion

Front 161

Hilar lymphadenopathy

Back 161

Sarcoidosis

Front 162

Xray w/o air lin lobe

Back 162

atelactasis- everything shifted in x-ray
penumonia- filled w/ neutrophils

Front 163

Pattchy w/o air

Back 163

1-bronchopneumonia
2-ARDS