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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pilocarpine (Salagen) |
Muscarinic Agonist (M3) Tertiary alkaloid Treats: -glaucoma -xerostomia Side effects: -miosis (blurred vision) -sweating -nausea -rhinitis -diarrhea |
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Cevimeline (Evoxac) |
Muscarinic Agonist Treats: -xerostomia (sjogren's) Side effects: -sweating -nausea -rhinitis -diarrhea |
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Bethanechol |
Muscarinic Agonist (M3) Choline ester, quaternary amine (unable to cross BBB) Treats: -constipation -urinary retention -abdominal distention Side effects: -sweating -nausea -rhinitis -diarrhea -dizziness -vomiting -salivating |
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Methacholine |
Muscarinic Agonist Use: -test reactivity of airway |
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Carbachol |
Muscarinic Agonist Treats: -glaucoma |
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Edrophonium |
AChE Inhibitor (short -5 min) Use: diagnose myasthenia gravis -muscle strenght measured |
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Neostigmine |
AChE Inhibitor (intermediate -10 min) Treats: myasthenia gravis |
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Carbaryl (intermediate) |
AChE Inhibitors Use: Insecticide Side effects: -sweating -blurred vision -excessive salivation -bronchoconstriction -respiratory arrest -nausea -confusion -convulsions |
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Donepezil (Aricept) |
AChE Inhibitor (CNS) Half life: 70 hours GI effects No liver toxicity Treats: Alzheimer's disease |
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Sarin |
AChE Inhibitor (Irreversible) Use: Nerve Gas Reversal agents: 2-PAM Atropine Confusion, headache, ataxia, seizures, coma, bradycardia, copious saliva, lacrimation, blurred vision, abdominal cramping, loss of control over the bladder and bowels. Eventually, loss of control over the respiratory system and death by asphyxiation |
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Atropine |
Muscarinic Antagonist Use: -nerve gas reversal -antisialogogue during surgery |
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Scopolamine |
Muscarinic Antagonist (pons vomiting center, "area postrema") Tertiary amine (crosses the BBB) Use: -anti-nausea -antisialogogue during surgery Side-effects: -dry mouth -dry eyes (blurred vision) -drowsiness (Ach, histamine, NE) |
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Tropicamide |
Muscarinic Antagonist Use: -dilate eyes for surgery (6 hrs) Contraindicated for glaucoma |
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Tiotropium |
Muscarinic Antagonist Use: -inhibit bronchoconstriction Treats: -COPD |
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Darifenacin |
Muscarinic Antagonist (M3) long half life Contraindications: -benign prostate hypertrophy -urinary retention Treats: -overactive bladder Side effects: -dry mouth -constipation -dry eyes |
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Dicyclomine |
Muscarinic Antagonist Use: -antispasmodic -slows movements -reduces acid Treats: -IBS Side-effects: -dizziness -dry eyes -miosis -dry mouth |
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Botulinum toxin |
Reduces ACh release (mechanism unknown) Long acting, massive molecule Use: -wrinkles -sialorrhea (repeat injections) Fast acting - 72 hrs Lasts: 3-4 months |
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Succinylcholine |
Nicotinic antagonists (NM) Reversal: Neostigmine + atropine Use: Surgical muscle relaxant -1 min onset -10 min duration Side-effects: -fasciculations -brady and then tachycardia -respiratory failure (overdose) |
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Gantacurium |
Nicotinic antagonists (NM) Reversal: Neostigmine + atropine Use: Surgical muscle relaxant -1 min onset -under 10 min duration Side-effects: -fasciculations -brady and then tachycardia -cario effects -respiratory failure (overdose) |
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Why does Levodopa become less effective over time? |
1. Progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. 2. Downregulation of D1/D2 receptors on post-synaptic terminals. 3. Some patients require reduced doses of levodopa to prevent side effects. |
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How does aripiprazole act as a partial agonist? |
As partial agonist at D2 receptors lowering dopaminergic neurotransmission in the mesolimbic pathway.Enhancing dopaminergic activity in the mesocortical pathway. takes down dopamine |
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Which drug classes inhibit both norepinephrine and epinephrine? |
SNRIs and Tricyclics |
