June 8

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8-Jun

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granulovacuolar degeneration and hirano bodies

Back 2

intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in hippocampal pyramidal neurons in alzheimer's patients

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lafora bodies

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neurons glia sweat glands liver skeletal muscels with lafora dz

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marinesco bodeis

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dopaminergic neurons of SN - intranuclear and not associated with parkinsons

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calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

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pseudogout, weakly positive

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calcium oxalate

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oxalosis and bipyramidal, positively birefringent

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calcium phosphate

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apatite-associated arthropathy and produces spherical clumps nonbirefringment

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rheumatic disease hypersensitivity type

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type II hypersensitivity

Hint 8

None

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amino acids involved in ammonia transport in blood

Back 9

alanine and glutamate

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nikolsky's sign

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separation of the epidermis upon manual stroking with pemphigus vulgaris

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rupture of AV malformation in brain

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subarachnoid hemorrhage

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deep perineal space

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middle layer of the urogenital diaphragm, two skeltal muscles, sphincter urethrae and deep transverse perineal, and the cowper gland, membranous urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm

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superficial perineal space

Back 13

bulbospongiosus (skeletal muslce that covers the bulb of the penis), crus of penis (erectile body that is continuous with the corpus cavernosum of penis), ischiocavernosus (covers the crus of the penis)

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C3 nephritic factor

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IgG autoantibody that binds C3 convertase making it resistant to inactivation, presistently low serum complement levels and associated with type II membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

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cervical plexus

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longus colli and capitis muscles

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breast feeding with HIV

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should not occur because it can transmit the disease

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ischemic necrosis of brain

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sterile liquefactive necrosis

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porto-caval shunt

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splenic vein to left renal vein (splenic vein drains into portal vein and renal into IVC)

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Sup mesenteric vein drainage

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into the portal vein

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components of microvilli

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actin, myosin

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desmoplakin

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hemidesmosome associated (cell to cell connection)

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movement of cilia and flagella

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dynein

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wiskott aldridge genetics

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x linked

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cytokine in development of anaphylaxis

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IL4 - makes IgE

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hyaluronidase organism

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strep a

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catalase positive organisms

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"SPACE cat": staph, pseudomonas, aspergillus, candida, enterobacteriaceae

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malignant melanoma genetics

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p16 tumor suppressor gene loss

Front 28

excessive fluoride

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direct injury to ameloblasts leading to inadequate production of tooth enamel

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sorafenib

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multikinase inhibitor for renal cell carcinoma with hypertension rash diarrhea fatigue and shouldnt be taken with doxorubicin

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jigsaw pussle appearance of bone lamellae

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pathognomonic for paget's dz

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congenital skeletal probs with syphilis

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saddle nose and shaber shin

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ankylosing spondyltis findings

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begins in sacroiliac crests then moves up into spine causing destruction of the posterior vertebral bodies, fusion, decreased range of motion, atrophy osteoporosis, look at spinal x ray for diagnosis, rheumatoid factor generally negative, HLA-B27 positive (As are all spondyloarthropathies)

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severe magnesium deficiency

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associated with alcoholism, acute decrease in Mg causes increase in PTH, prolonged decrease in Mg causes decrease in PTH, admin of Mg results in prompt rise in PTH and restoration of normal serum Ca levels, absence of Mg decreases function of PTH leading to "functional" hypoparathyroidism

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hypoparathyroidism and bone density

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decreased bone density

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cuboidal epithelium

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kidney peritoneal lining pleural lining

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lacunar cells

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specifically suggest the nodular sclerosing variant of hodgkins disease

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some AD diseases

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NF, ehlers danlos, huntingtons, osteogenesis imperfecta

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vagina in women of childbearing age

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lactobacillus, candida, strep

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vagina of children

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staphylococcus epidermidis

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urease producing bacteria

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"N CUP" : Nocardia, cryptococcus, Ureaplasma, Proteus

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h pylori

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SO dismutase (As does bacillus anthracis), catalase (as staph aureus), flagella (as with E coli), mucinase (as with v cholera)

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aspirin and EtOH in ulcers

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more linked to gastric than duodenal

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cystic medial degeneration

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fragmentation of elastic laminae with accumulation of myxoid materiloa in aortic media

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Muscles in legs

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flexor digitorum longus

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from posterior middle of tibia, four tendons on sole of foot that insert on distal phalanges act to flex toes and foot and invert foot at ankle

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peroneus tertius

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originates at distal 1/3 of anterior fibula - extend foot at ankle joint and evert foot

Front 47

peroneus brevis

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originates at distal 2/3 of lateral fibula, plantar flex and evert foot

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peroneus longus

Back 48

originates at head and proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula, plantar flex and evert foot

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extensor hallucis longus

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originates at middle 1/2 of anteror fibula, extend great toe and extend foot at ankle