Juliet's Slp Neuroanatomy

Front 1

List muscles of inspiration.

Back 1

Diaphragm, external intercostal, sterncleidomastoid, scalenus, trapezius, major and minor pectoralis, levator scapulae, major and minor rhomboideus

Front 2

List muscles of expiration

Back 2

Internal intercostals, transversus thoracis, subcoastal, posterior inferior serratus, latissimus dorsi, internal, transverse and external oblique abdominis, quadratus lumborum

Front 3

True or False. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the vertical dimensions of the thorax.

Back 3

True

Front 4

True or False. Contraction of the muscles of expiration increases the volume of the thorax.

Back 4

False

Front 5

What instrument is used to measure respiratory volumes, flow and capacities?

Back 5

Spirometer

Front 6

What instrument is used to measure differences in air pressures?

Back 6

Manometer

Front 7

Define Tidal Volume.

Back 7

Tidal Volume is the volume of air exchanged in one cycle of respiration.

Front 8

Define Vital Capacity

Back 8

Vital Capacity is the total volume of air that can be inspired after a maximal expiration

Front 9

True or False. In normal, healthy individuals, intrapleural pressure remains negative at all times.

Back 9

True

Front 10

What is ``Checking Action?``

Back 10

Checking Action is the impedance of the flow of air out of inflated lungs by the muscles of inspiration. This action is important because it helps maintain the constant flow of air through the vocal tract and allows the individual to accurately control the pressure beneath the vocal folds that have been closed for phonation.

Front 11

List the cartilages of the larynx?

Back 11

cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis, arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform cartilages.

Front 12

Which cartilage is shaped like a signet ring?

Back 12

Cricoid cartilage

Front 13

Which muscle is responsible for lengthening the vocal folds (medial compression and adduction)?

Back 13

Lateral Cricoarytenoids Muscle
(LCM)

Front 14

Which muscle is responsible for closing (abducting) the vocal folds?

Back 14

Transverse Arytenoid Muscle (TAM)

Front 15

Which muscle is the sole abductor (opening) of vocal folds and what cranial nerve innervates it?

Back 15

Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle (PCM).It is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve of cranial nerve X

Front 16

Which muscles are vocal fold tensors?

Back 16

Cricothyroid muscle and thyrovocalis muscle

Front 17

Which muscles relaxes the vocal folds?

Back 17

Thyromuscularis and Superior Thyroarytenoid muscle

Front 18

Which muscle is responsible for the change in vocal fundamental frequency?

Back 18

Cricothyroid muscle

Front 19

what is the space between the vocal folds called?

Back 19

Glottis

Front 20

State the theory of Bernoulli Effect.

Back 20

The Bernoulli Effect states that a constant volume flow of air or fluid, at point of constriction there would be a decrease in air pressure perpendicular to the flow and an increase in velocity of the flow.

Front 21

List and describe the vocal registers?

Back 21

1. Modal register - used in daily conversation.
2. Glottal Fry ( aka Pulse Register or Strohbass), extremely low pitch voice that sounds crackly or like popcorn
3. Falsetto register is where the vocal folds lengthen and become extremely thin. They vibrate in tense bowed margins.
4. Whistle Register: a register above falsetto, vibration occurs as a result of turbulence on the edge of the vocal folds

Front 22

What is puberphonia?

Back 22

Puberphonia is the maintenance of the childhood pitch despite having passed through the developmental stage of puberty.

Front 23

What is an octave?

Back 23

An octave is a doubling of frequency.

Front 24

what is the difference between intonation and stress?

Back 24

Intonation refers to the changes in pitch in speech, whereas stress to syllable or word emphasis relative to an entire utterance.

Front 25

True or False. In Glottal attack the vocal folds are adducted prior to initiation of expiratory flow.

Back 25

True

Front 26

True or False. In Breathy attack the vocal folds are adducted after initiation of expiratory flow.

Back 26

True

Front 27

Mobile articulators include...

Back 27

Mobile articulators include the tongue, lower jaw, velum (soft palate), lips and cheeks

Front 28

Immobile articulators include ...

Back 28

Immobile articulators include the alveolar ridge of the upper jaw and the hard palate

Front 29

Explain the following terms..
1. Overjet,
2. Overbite

Back 29

Overjet - normal projection of upper incissors beyond lower incissors in a transverse plane.
Overbit: normal overlap of upper incissors relative to lower incissors.

Front 30

Explain the following terms .....
Class 1 occlusion
Class 11 malocclusion
Class 111 malocclusion

Back 30

Class 1 occlusion - first molar of upper jaw is one-half-tooth advanced in relation to the lower jaw
Class 11 malocclusion - 1st madibular is retracted by at least one tooth (overbite)
Class 111 malocclusion - 1st molar is protruded by at least one tooth (overjet)

Front 31

Which muscle...
1. Depresses the velum
2. Elevates velum
3. Constricts esophageal opening

Back 31

Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus depresses velum,
Levetor veli palatini elevates velum
Cricopharyngeus constricts esophageal opening

Front 32

Describe the first 2 phases of swallowing

Back 32

1. Oral preparation: chewing of food and mixing with saliva to form bolus
2. Oral stage: bolus is moved back towards the oropharynx by the tongue

Front 33

Describe the last 2 phases of swallowing

Back 33

Pharyngeal stage: begins when the bolus reaches the faucial pillars, the soft palate and larynx elevate and the bolus is propelled through the pharynx to the esophageal sphinter. Bolus passes over the epiglottis and through the pyriform sinuses
Esophageal stage: peristaltic movement of the bolus through the esophagus

Front 34

Which bone of the middle ear communicates directly with the oval window?

Back 34

The Stapes

Front 35

What is the primary site of localization of of sound in space?

Back 35

Superior Olivary Complex

Front 36

Describe cranial nerves 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

Back 36

1- Olfactory nerve: smell, 2 - Oculomotor: vision, 3 Oclumotor, 4 trochlear, 6 abducens - eye movement,

Front 37

Describe cranial nerves 5, 7

Back 37

5-Trigeminal - innervates muscles of mastication, tensor veli palatini, sensation to face, mouth, teeth, tongue
7. Facial nerve- facial expression and taste for anterior two thirds of tongue

Front 38

Describe cranial nerves 8, 9, 10

Back 38

8 - vestibulocochlear - auditory and vestibular sensation
9 - posterior tongue receptors, pharynx and eustachian tube
10 - Vagus nerve - pain, touch, temprature, pharynx, larynx and esophagus

Front 39

Describe cranial nerves 11 and 12

Back 39

11- Accessory nerve collaborates with vagus nerve in activating palatal, pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles
12- hypoglossal nerve- muscles of tongue except palatoglossus

Front 40

What organ is responsible for coordinating movement

Back 40

Cerebellum