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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Reasonable ground, a good basis for the belief that something is true, a crime has been committed
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Probable Cause
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Guarantee that government will not deprive any person of life, liberty, or property by any unfair, arbitrary or unreasonable action.
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Due Process Clause
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Policy that requires most employers to take positive steps to remedy the effects of past discriminations
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Affirmation Action
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Refers to positive acts of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all
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Civil Rights
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Power of a state to act to protect and promote the public health, safety, morals and welfare
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Police Power
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The party who brings a suit or legal action against another
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Plaintiff
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Money the accused may be required to post as a guarantee they will appear in court at the proper time
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Bail
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Guarantees of the safety of persons, opinions and property form the arbitrary acts of government.
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Civil Liberties
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One who leaves his or her home seeking safety from war or other dangers
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Refugee
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Satisfaction of a claim brought in court
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Redress
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Spying for a foreign power
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Espionage
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Written statement by one or more judges who disagree with a court decision
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Dissenting Opinion
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Formal charge of crime brought against a person by the prosecutor directly
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Information
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Written statement by a majority of judges supporting an opinion.
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Majority Opinion
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Legislative act that inflicts punishment upon a person or group without a trial.
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Bill of Atainder
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Powers shared by federal and state courts to hear certain cases.
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Concurrent Jurisdiction
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A trial held without a jury, the judge acts also as the jury
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Bench Trial
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Power to hear a case first, before any other court.
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Original Jurisdiction
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Formal accusation of crime brought by a grand jury of its own motion
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Presentment
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The person against whom a court action is brought by a plaintiff.
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Defendant
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Crime of disloyalty
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Treason
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One who is not a citizen of the state in which he/she lives
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Aliens
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Isolation and separation of one group from another
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Segregation
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Part of the 1st amendment that guarantees to each person the right to believe whatever you choose in matters of religion
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Free Exercise Clause
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Patrolling of a business site by workers on strike
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Picketing
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Power of a court to try and decide a case
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Jurisdiction
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Public land set aside by the government for use by Native Americans.
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Reservations
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A method of putting a case before the Supreme Court
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Certificate
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A listing of constitutional rights that suspects must be advised of before police questioning.
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Miranda Rule
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Authority of a court to review decisions of a lower court.
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Appellate Jurisdiction
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Accusation by a grand jury, formal finding there is enough evidence to warrant a trial
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Indictment
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Power of the federal courts alone to hear a case
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Exclusive Jurisdiction
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Spoken, written or other action promoting resistance to lawful authority, especially advocating the overthrow of the government
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Sedition
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Order by a higher court to a lower court to send up records for review.
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Writ of Certiorari
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Criminal law applied retroactively to the disadvantage of the accused
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Ex Post Facto Law
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Written statement of one or more judges who support a decision but disagree with the grounds for that decision.
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Concurring Opinion
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Trial a second time for a crime of which the accused was acquitted the first time
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Double Jeopardy
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First 10 amendments of the constitution
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Bill of Rights
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Body of 12 to 23 people convened by a court to decide whether or not there is enough evidence o bring a person to trial
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Grand Jury
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Part of the 1st amendment prohibiting either the establishment of a religion or sanctioning of an existing religion by the government
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Establishment Clause
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Rules which require a certain number of jobs or promotions to go to certain groups.
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Quotas
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Law found in some states that protect reporters from being forced to disclose confidential information from sources.
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Shield Law
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Expression of beliefs, ideas by conduct rather than in speech or print.
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Symbolic Speech
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The law of the blood. Citizenship by birth
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Jus Sanguinis
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Court order that a prisoner be brought before the court and that the detaining officer show cause why the prisoner should not be released
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Writ of Certiorari
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Evidence gained by illegal or unreasonable means cannot be used at the court trial
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Exclusionary Clause
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