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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inferior Courts
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The lower federal courts, beneath the Supreme Court.
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jurisdiction
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The authority of a court to hear a case
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exclusive jurisdiction
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power of the federal courts alone to hear certain cases
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concurrent jurisdiction
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power shared by federal and state courts to hear certain cases
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plaintiff
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in civil law, the party who brings a suit or some other legal action against another (the defendant) in court
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defendant
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In a civil suit, the person against whom a court action is brought by the plaintiff; in a criminal case, the person charged with the crime.
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original jurisdiction
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the power of a court to her a case first, before any other court
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appellate jurisdiction
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the authority of a court to review decisions of inferior (lower) courts
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criminal cases
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a case in which a defendant is tried for committing a crime as defined by the law
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civil cases
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A case involving a noncriminal matter such as a contract dispute or a claim of patent infringement
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docket
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a court's list of cases to be held
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writ of certiorari
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an order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up the record in a given case for review; from the Latin meaning to be more certain"
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certificate
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a method of putting a case before the supreme court; used when a lower court is not clear about the procedure or rule of law that should apply in a case and asks the supreme court to certify the answer to a specific question
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majority opinions
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officially called the opinion of the court announces the court's decision in a case and sets out the reasoning upon which it is based
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precedents
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court decision that stands as an example to be followed in future, similar cases
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concurring opinions
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written explanation of the views of one or more judges who support a decision reached by a majority of the court, but wish to add or emphasize a point that was not made in the majority decision
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dissenting opinions
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Written explanation of the views of one or more judges who disagree with a decision reached by a majority of the court
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judicial review
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Marbury vs. Madision was one of the most important court cases ever because it establishes the principle of ___.
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Brown vs. Board of Education
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what court case ruled that "separate but equal" has no place in the educational setting?
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plessy
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what court case ruled that "separate but equal" facilities were legal?
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exclusionary rule
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what rule state that because the evident against T.L.O was seized improperly, it could not be used against her in court?
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constitutional
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What type of Federal courts does article 3 of the constitution create
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special court
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what type of federal court is the US tax court
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dissenting opinion
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what is the name for the minority opinion of the court?
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amend the constitution
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one way congress can override a ruling by the supreme court is to
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federal court
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Which inferior federal courts are spread across different judicial regions of the US and are the lowest federal courts
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the rule of four
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what rule is used to determine how many judges must approve a case before the supreme court hears it
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court of appeal
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which inferior courts are kown aas the "gatekeepers" of the supreme court?
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supreme court
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what specific court has both original and appellate jurisdiction
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opinion of the court
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what is another name for the majority opinions of the court
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9th amendment
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Excluding T.L.O's 14th amendment right to due process, what other constitutional amendment did she claim was being violated
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rule of law
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refers to the fact that the law must be applied equally to all citizens and that judges must apply the law even if they do not agree with it
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