Judaism And Zoroastrianism Vocabulary

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Ashkenazim

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jews who lived in or came from central europe

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bar/bat mitzvah

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"son/daughter of the commandment"

the coming-of-age ceremony that marks the time when a young person is considered a legal adult within the jewish community

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biblical judiasm

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judaism before the destruction of the second temple

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Canaan

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an ancient name for the land of israel

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conservative judaism

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a branch of judaism that attempts to blend the best of old and new judaism

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covenant

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a contract; between the hebrews and Yahweh

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diaspora

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the dispersion of jews beyond israel; particularly to persia, egypt, and the mediterranean region

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Essenes

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a reclusive semi monastic jewish group

flourished from 150 bce - 68 ce

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Hanukkah

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an early-winter festival recalling the rededication of the second temple done so by the Maccabees; celebrated with the lighting of candles for 8 days

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Holocaust (Shoah)

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the destruction of european judaism by the nazis

"extermination"

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Kabbalah

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"received"

'handed down"

the whole body of jewish mystical literature

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Ketvium

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"writings"

the third section of the Hebrew scriptures, consisting primarily of poetry, proverbs, and literary works

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kosher

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"ritually correct"

food preparation and consumption

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menorah

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a candelabrum containing 7 or 9 branches, used for religious ceremonies

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Messiah

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a savior figure to be sent by god, awaited by the jews

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midrash

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"search"

rabbinical commentary on the scriptures and oral law

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Nevi'im

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"prophets"

the second section of the hebrew scriptures, made up of historical and prophetic books

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orthodox judaism

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the most traditional branch of judaism

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Passover (Pesach)

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a joyful spring festival that recalls the Hebrew's exodus from egypt and freedom from oppression

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Pharisees

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a faction during the second temple period that emphasized the observance of biblical rules

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prophet

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a person inspired by god to speak for him

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Purim

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a joyous festival in early spring that recalls the jews being saved from destruction, as told in the book of esther

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rabbi

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a religious teacher or minister

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rabbinical judaism

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developed after the destruction of the second temple

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Reconstructionism

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a modern liberal branch of judaism that emphasizes the cultural aspects of the religion

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Reform

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a movement beginning in the 19th century that questioned modernized judaism;

a liberal branch

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Rosh Hashanah

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"beginning of the year"

the celebration of the jewish new year, occurring in the seventh lunar month

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Sabbath

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"rest"

the 7th day of the week (saturday), a day of prayer and rest from work

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Sadducees

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a priestly faction, influential during the second temple period

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Seder

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"order"

a special ritual meal at Passover, recalling the Hebrews' exodus from epgypt

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Sephardim

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Jews of Spain, Morocco, and the Mediterranean region

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Sukkot

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"booths"

a festival in late autumn that recalls the jews' period of wandering in the desert after exodus

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talit

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a prayer shawl worn by devout males

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Talmud

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an encyclopedic commentary on the hebrew scriptures

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tefillin

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Phylacteries; two small boxes containing biblical passages that are worn by orthodox males on the head and left arm at morning prayer

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theophany

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a revelation or appearance of god

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Torah

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"teaching" "instruction"

the first 5 books of the hebrew scriptures, also with additional instructions from god believed to have been transmitted orally by Moses through teachers and rabbis

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Western Wall

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the foundation stones of the western wall of the last temple of jerusalem, today a place of prayer

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yarmulke

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the skullcap worn by devout males

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Yom Kippur

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Day of Atonement; the most sacred day of the year

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Zealots

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an anti-roman nationalistic jewish faction; active during the roman period of control over israel

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Zionism

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a movement that has encouraged the creation and support of the nation israel

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Zohar

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Kabala found its supreme expression in this

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synagogues

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houses of prayer in judaism

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babylonians

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the 1st temple was destroyed by their invasion

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Moses Maimonides

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defended judaism during the middle ages with aristotelian philosophy

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celibacy

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this has no place in judaism (with a few exceptions)

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Philo of Alexandria

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scholar who interpreted hebrew scriptures allegorically in terms of philosophy

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Saul

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the first king of the hebrew nation, in the land of Canaan

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Exodus

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the most important event in the history of the jewish people; where Moses led them out of Egypt

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family

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this is the sociological bedrock of jewish life

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Joshua

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after moses died, he took command of the hebrews

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King Cyrus

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led the jews out of exile in babylon

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Hebrews

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another name for jews in the days of Abraham

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rabbis

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Hille, Gamaliel, and the Pharisees were all these

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Talmud

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composed of the mishnah and gemara

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Ezra

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compiled and edited jewish scriptures to form the Torah

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Mendelssohn

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defended Judaism during enlightenment period with rational thought

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tabernacle

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moveable shrine of judiasm

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anti-semetic

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hate towards jews

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semites

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most descendants of Genesis, Noah descendants, Hebrews

often have no home

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Persian

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after this empire was conquered by alexander the great, zoroastrianism fell into decline

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Zarathustra

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Zoroaster's original name

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parsees

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the Zoroastrians currently living in Iran and India, originating from Persia

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chinvat bridge

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a bridge that a person crosses 4 days after death in zoroastrianism

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angra mainyu

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the evil spirit and lord of lie in zoroastrianiam

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ahura mazda

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the zoroastrian high god

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amesha-spentas

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holy immortals / good spirits

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Zendavesta

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zoroastrian scriptures

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gathas

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early hymns of the early zoroastrians

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Zoroastrianism

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a monotheistic faith, which later influenced western religions

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spenta mainyu

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a beneficial spirit of goodness, emanating from ahura mazda

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padum

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not a muhapatti, a cloth to ensure breath never reaches flame

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eschatological

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starts with creation, ends climatically with emphasis on a dramatic end of world scenario

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diva

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polytheistic god