Judaism

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Ramadan

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Time of repentance and self examination

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Yom Kippur

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Day of absolution: God wipes away last years sins. Fasting, abstinence from sex for 25 hrs

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Repentance

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Confessing sins to God with an admission of guilt, promising to cease sin against him and live by his laws

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Rosh Hashanah

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Jewish New Yeah.
Time of Creation

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Shophar

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Ram horn that is blown either as a warning or to herald the coming of the messiah

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Essential Def

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Prescriptive, normative, requiring prior knowledge. Vague and ambiguous

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Nominal

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Fact based, qualitative/quantitative, Usually a reduction

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Scripture

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Texts preserved by human memory, collected over time in a community like-minded authorities. Texts become traditional when they are handed down through generations

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Canon

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scriptures are organized into canons. a series of classic texts

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classic text

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through a history of interpretation they continue to be meaningful

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myth

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a traditional story accepted as history that is used to explain the world view of a group

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ancient israel

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2000 to 6th cent. bce. Only evidence of events are found in bible

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canaanites

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inhabitants of ancient isreal between 1000 bce and 587 bce in an area known as canaan

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hebrew prophet

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an inspired teacher or proclaimer of God, able to make accurate predictions about the future.

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King Josiah

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Destroyed all traces of idolatry in teh temple and discovered the Torah. Many believe the Torah was completed by Moses under King Josiah

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Torah

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First five books of Moses. Includes the oral torah and the written torah

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Tanak

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name of the bible used in Judaism. The old testament

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Pentateuch

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first five books of the tanak/bible/old testament

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JEPD

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Hypothesis that there were four authors of the torah. J author wrote Genesis, E wrote exodus, P wrote leviticus and D wrote dueteronomy

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Abraham

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father of faith for hebrews

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moses

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hebrew prophet who let the israelites from egypt across the red sea known as the exodus

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babylonian exile

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the deportation and exile of jews from the anciet kingdom of judah to babylon during 6th cent bce

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Diaspora

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a pop sharing a common ethnic identity who are either forced to leave or voluntarily leave their settled territory and become residents in areas from removed

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second temple

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516-70 ce Center of jewish worship. romans destroyed it in 70 ce

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avodah

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work, traditional sence is was applied to sacrifices offered in teh temple in jerusalem.

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Pharisees

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class of lay people, not priests who were reformers of judaism in everyday life

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sadducees

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represented views and practices of the law and interests of temple and priesthood directly opposite to the pharisees

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bar kochba revolt

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against the roman impire. Jewish christians hailed jewus as teh messiah and idd not support bar kockba

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early judaism

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6th cent to 70 ce. god is in temple literally and physically with people

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classical judaism

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period of rabinism; the rabbi is teacher who emerges from pharisees. tradition of oral torah began during this period

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dual torah

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consists of written torah and the oral torah.

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oral torah

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interpretation of original revelation from god. refers to the word of mouth tradition of learning. god first spoke it to moses

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mishnah

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systemized collection of both the oral law and the old testament and of the political and civil laws of judaism

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rabbi hillel

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jewish religious leader, associated with the development of the mishnah and the talmud

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rabbi akiva

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spiritual leader of bar kochba revolt

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shema

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used as a counterpiece of all morning and evening jewish prayer services and closely echoes the monotheistic message of judaism

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six orders of mishnah

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agriculture, festivals, women, damages, holy things, rituals

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talmud

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transcends torah and fulfills the torah. two components; mishnah and gemara

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midrash

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any commentary on jewish scripture between 400 ce and 1200. predates teh mishnah and is the original attempt to record the oral torah

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halakha

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the collective body of jewish religious law including biblical law ans later talmudic and rabbinic law as well as customs and traditions

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agada

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rabbinc teaching which is not halahka and includes stories, legends, history and witticism

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monotheism

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belief of one standard, one system of good and evil and one god

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dualistic monotheisms

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in addition to a supreme being there also exists at least one evil, if less powerful supernatural being

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pharaoh akhenaten

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a pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of egypt. he is especially noted for attempting ot compel the egyptian population in the monotheistic worship of aten

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elohim

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a non-specific name for god, informal