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67 Cards in this Set
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Ashkenazi
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Descendants of Jews from France, Germany, and Eastern Europe
Derived from Hebrew word for Germany Most American jews today are Ashkenazic, descended from Jews who emigrated from Germany and Eastern Europe from mid 1800s to early 1900s |
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Sephardi
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Descendants of Jews from Portugal, Spain, North Africa, and Middle East
Derived from the Hebrew word for Spain Most early Jewish settlers from this country are Sephardic First Jewish congregation in North America was Sephardic Beliefs in accordance with those of Orthodox Jews May eat rice, corn, beans and peanuts during Passover Have different pronunciation of certain Hebrew vowels Different melodies, holiday customs, and traditional food |
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Mizrahi
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Descendants of Jews from North Africa and Middle East
Derived from Hebrew word for Eastern |
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Passover (rituals and practices)
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Remembers the Exodus from Egypt
Remove all leaven from the home (eat matzah) because Jews leaving Egypt were in a hurry and did not have time to let their bread rise Ceremonial washing of the hands Eat bitter herbs to represent the bitterness of slavery Read the Haggadah (book read during Seder) |
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Purim (rituals and practices)
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Remembers the defeat of a plot to exterminate the Jews
Costume parties, drinking until can't tell difference between right and wrong Read out of the Book of Esther (Esther: beautiful young Jewish woman raised by her cousin Mordecai Only book in the Tanach that doesnt mention the name God |
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Rashi
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Rabbi Shlomo Itzak
Wrote commentaries on Talmud to help beginners and experts understand the Talmud |
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RaMBaM
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Rabbi Moses Ben Moses
Starts as a Rabbi, moves to Egypt and becomes a great leader Writes Mishneh Torah Sephardic Jew Writes "Guide to the Perplexed" |
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Mishneh Torah
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code of Jewish law written by Rambam
Lists/explains the 613 mitzvot (comprehensive guide) Consists of 14 books |
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RaMBan
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Rabbi Moses Ben Naclam
Becomes famous for disputations Argues on behalf of Judaism for Catholic Church A mystic Did not agree with RaMBaM Held debate that led to disputations Exiled after disputations |
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Disputations
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when Catholic church tried to present Judaism as wrong
Barcelona, lasted 4 days Debate between Christians and Ramban Debated why Jews didn't believe Jesus was the messiah |
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Saadi Gaon
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Leader during Gaonic period (8th and 9th century)
Gaon = pride Wrote codified prayer book |
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Gaonic Period
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8th and 9th century
Gaon = pride |
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Tur
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Book of codes and legislations
Means "4 rows" because there are 4 divisions of Tur: Law of prayer and synagogue holidays Ritualistic Laws Law of marriage/divorce Laws of finance |
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Laws of Kashrut
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Jewish dietary laws
Halacha "law" "way of going" 3 levels of food: flesh, milk, parve |
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Blood Libel
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Norwich, England
12th century Mystery Plays come along with Blood Libel Series of false charges between Catholics and Jews First: Christian slur against the Jews that said that after killing Christ, they had a thirst for pure blood so when boy went missing, they blamed it on the Jews and said they drank Christian childrens' blood Most accusations happened around Passover because that was when the passion of Christ occurred |
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Norwich, England
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site of Blood Libels
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Anti-Semitic Practices and origins
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Jews have horns
Christians think that Jews killed Christ In middle ages, Jews were bankers/middle class business owners so they held occupations that left them open for resentment |
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Pogroms
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Go on for 300 years
an institutionalized way to prosecute/massacre Jews (kill, rape) Kosaks given permission to beat/torture/steal from Jews on certain days in Russia Because of these pogroms, Jews decide to leave Russia and emigrate to USA (want families to assimilate into US culture so that they are not persecuted for their differences) |
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Shulchan Aruch
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written manual by R. Yosef Caro
Means "prepared table" Primary book of Jewish law, still used today Halacha "written law" 4 books, same as Tur Organizes 613 mitzvots Made laws even stricter so no room for errors |
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R. Yosef Caro
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visited every night by Elijah to teach him lessons
wrote Schulcan Arukh |
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Tshuvot
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?
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RaMChaL
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Rabbi Moshe Chaim Lazzato (Italy)
1707-1746 Jewish Rabbi, Kabbalist, philosopher Wrote Mesillat Yesharim: most popular Mussar work in Jewish history, focused most of his work on Kabballah Describes how a thoughtful Jew may climb the ladder of purification until he attains the level of holiness |
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Israel Ben Eliezer
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"Israel son of Israel"
Becomes known as Baal (Master) Shem (Name) Tov (Good): Master of the Good Name Hasid: a pious one Starts the Hasidic movement: Jews were wanting to be more spiritual than academic Turns prayer into joyous occassion Teaches by telling stories Was a mystic, studied Kabballah |
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Baal Shem Tov
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Master of the Good Name (Eliezer)
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Hasid
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a pious one, starts the Hasidic movement (Eliezer)
Jews wanting to be more spiritual than academic Turns prayer into a joyous occassion |
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Mitnagdid
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Response to a different path
"Opponents" They opposed the Hasidic movement Thought it was a false movement that would bring Jews away from Judaism |
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Vilna Gaon (Gaon of Vilna)
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leader of Mitnagdid people
PRIDE of Vilna Most notable opponent of Hasids Stressed that Torah study was essential to being a true Jew |
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Isaac Luria
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The Holy Ari
Ari=lion Ashkenazi Developed Lurianic Kabballah Creates a book of the "workings of the world" by combining book of creation, illumination, and formation Deals with significance of exile and redemption in Judaism Modern Kabballist |
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Ari
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Means Lion
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Kabbalah
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Meditation
experience greater than God "withdraw" rather than the universe being an extension of God, God withdraws and makes empty space in which he fits creation |
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Sabbatai Zvi
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Master of Kabballah
Not a good role model but great influence Helps people find heightened state of awareness (both parasympathetic and sympathetic systems shut down like when in shock or athlete in the zone) Gets 2 million followers: called the Messiah Has orgies as part of religious experience Converts to Islam and followers realize hes not the Messiah, have no idea what to do. Eastern European Judaism is destroyed practically and people dont know how to be a Jew anymore |
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Jacob Frank
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Claimed to be the re-incarnation of Sabbatai Zbi and of King David
Frankism: mixture of Judaism and Christianity, mostly a European movement |
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Moses Mendelson
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German
Questions Judaism and wants to reform Judaism to be more like the Germans (Haskalah enlightenment in Germany) Complete opposite of Mitnagdid and Hasid Jews Wanted to practice Judaism but remain German, adapted by using choir music |
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Chabad
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Hasidic movement of Orthodox Judaism
a reaction to anti-intellectual Hasidism CHochma: wisdom Bina: understanding Da'at: knowledge |
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R. Shneur Zalman
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Founder of Chabad
Rebbe of Chabad |
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R. Levi Yitzhak of Berdichev
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Disciple of the Maggid of Mezritch (who was disciple of Baal Shem Tov)
Known for his enthustiatic dedication to Torah and Mitzvot but above all for his love for God and people. Became known as the defender of the people of Israel Argued with God, charging him for being too firm with his children and pleading for an end to long and hard exile |
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Rebbe Nacham of Braslav
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"Rebbe"
Only rebbe of Braslav movement, so good no one could replace him Great grandson of Baal Shem Tov Combined Kabballah with Torah study Revitalized Hasidic movement Followers: Bres-lovers |
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Dov Baer
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Disciple of Baal Shem Tov
The MAGID "preacher of stories" |
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The Magid
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Dov Baer
preacher of stories |
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The Toldos
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First Hasidic work ever published
Mostly has quotes from Baal Shem Tov Repeats phrase: "I have heard from my teacher" |
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R. Yaakov Yosef
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Writes Toldos, means GENERATIONS
Hears Baal Shem Tov say "what if im wrong?" and then wonders if he has been worshipping incorrectly all his life |
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Theodore Herzl
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Hungarian Jewish journalist
Founder of modern Zionist movement Wrote "The Jewish State": book on how to create the Jewish state (Zionism) |
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Mussar
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Means "instruction" "discipline"
Jewish moralist movement Goal is to help soul break through barriers, to become an enlightened soul Use prayers and chants to penetrate the darkness of our subconscious For every good characteristic you have, you also possess one bad one |
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R. Israel Salanter
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Father of Mussar
Talmudist |
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Vladamir Jabotinsky
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Russian
Right wing Zionist Leader Founder of revisionist movement Exiled by British |
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Zionist Movement
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Jewish Nationalist Movement
Want temple on Mt. Sinai to be rebuilt want a homeland (Israel) Young Jews go to Israel and buy land for much more than its worth and turn it into fruit orchards |
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David Ben Gurion
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1st prime minister of Israel
Jewish warrior |
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Chaim Weitzmann
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1874-1952
British 1st president of the state of Israel Zionist writer while he was in England Helped form Balfour Declaration of 1917 (in which Britain recognized that there would be a state of Israel by 1948) |
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Golda Meir
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Major fundraiser during Zionist movement
becomes prime minister of Israel 1st female leader in the world "We will have peace when Arab mothers love their children more than they hate us" Got Kissenger/Nixon to help defend Israel by threatening with nuclear bombs |
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KrystallNacht
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"The Night of Broken Glass"
1937, first night of Holocaust All of the Jews in Germany have their windows broken, Germans break into homes/stores |
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Auschwitz
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30-40 thousand Jews killed per day
"Work will Set you free" Gas chambers, systematic killing |
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Dachau
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first Nazi concentration camp opened in Germany
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Treblinka
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Concentration camp in Poland, 2500 jews killed here
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Thiersenstadt
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Germans brought Jewish musicians here. Told Red Cross they were treating the Jews well as P.O.W.'s, giving them art and music.
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Bergen-Belson
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concentration camp near Hanover in northwest Germany
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Babi-Yar
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pit where Jews were lined up in front of guards and machine-gunned to death until they fell into pits
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R. Kalonymous Kalman Shapiro
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Hasid rebbe at 18 yrs old
Went to Warsaw Ghetto with his followers even though he was told to escape Even after his wife and son were killed, he danced, praised and sang with his people Recorded all his teachings during the Holocaust and hid them in a case: found by a kid later and sold to a US Soldier who published them, called "Sacred Fire" |
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Warsaw Ghetto
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Community in Poland (smaller than LMU campus) where Jews were taken
Germans created the "Jewish Authority" here (Jews picked which people to be killed. If they didn't pick, them or their family was killed) |
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Yom Ha'Atzmaut (Israel Independence Day)
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1948: when Israel became an independent state
within 10 hours of their declaration of independence, Israel was attacked by 20 countries Repelled all attacks and WON |
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Shoah
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3 Shoahs: Destruction of 1st temple, 2nd temple, and Holocaust
Holocaust: a destruction and sacrifice through fire Shoah: destruction by fire Redefined what it meant to be a Jew 6-9 million Jews killed |
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Mabaum
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Post-Shoah Theology
Jews had to readapt who they were/how they lived/what they believed Did God turn his back on us? Where was he? |
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Yom Ha'Shoah u'Gevurah
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Holiday remembering those lost during Holocaust and those who survived
Gevurah=STRENGTH |
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Blumenthal (Shoah)
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Holocaust didnt serve purpose
Underlying Christian anti-Semitism has been around forever and lead to Nazism Christianity needs to change To find stronger faith, must move forward, wrestle with God. |
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Fackenheim (Shoah)
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Compares Holocaust to other major problems (like Armenian Genocide)
Famous for 614th commandment "Let us not say anything about Holocaust you could not say in front of a survivor" |
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Rubenstein (Shoah)
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Christian beliefs allowed Holocaust to happen
Dean trying to end anti-Semitism but feels Jews in positions of power are putting themselves in this position and need to figure out how to get out Mankind created this situation, they should find a way out. |
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Maybaum (Shoah)
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Similar to Fackenheim
Philosophy and the Holocaust Duty of survivors: only God can help them heal Never let him have a 3rd victory |
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The Chosen
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Reb Saunders (rabbi)
Danny Saunders Reuven Malter |
