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215 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Japanese is usually written with a combination of 3 types of script. What are they?
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Hiragana
Katakana Kanji |
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Of the 3 types of writing scripts, which is/are used to represent sounds? Which is/are used to represent words?
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Sounds
-Hiragana -Katakana Words -Kanji |
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What is Hiragana typically used for?
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Function words (ex: in, at, on)
Inflectional endings (sound changes to show tense, negation, etc) Some content words |
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What is Katakana typically used for?
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Words borrowed from other languages
Onomatopoeic words Some scientific terms |
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What is Kanji? What is it typically used for?
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Characters of Chinese origin
Morpheme/word, content words--noun, adj, verbs |
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How did Hiragana evolve?
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Simplification of Chinese characters during the Heian period (794-1185)
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What is hanzi?
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Chinese characters
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What were the 2 methods that the Japanese used to create their own writing system?
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1) Based on meaning
-uses individual kanji to write Japanese word synonymous with Chinese meaning 2) Based on sound -Chinese pronunciation of character used to represent Japanese sound. Meaning of character ignored. Chinese characters became simplified. |
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What is "onna de?' Why was Hiragana once called that?
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"women's hand"
Hiragana appeared in many women's literary works, including the famous Tale of Genji. |
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How many characters does Hiragana have?
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46
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In Hiragana, how are voiced consonants shown?
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2 diacritical marks in the shape of:
-2 dots -a small circle |
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In Hiragana, how are more complex sounds shown?
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Glides
-combinations of characters |
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え
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picture
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e (high)
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おかし
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confectionery
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o-ka (high) -shi (devoiced)
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き
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tree
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ki (high)
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かお
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face
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ka-o (high)
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あし
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leg
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a-shi (high)
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せかい
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world
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se (high) -ka-i
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あさ
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morning
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a (high) -sa
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あかい
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red
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a-ka (high) - i
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あおい
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blue
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a-o (high) - i
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いけ
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pond
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i-ke (high)
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いす
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chair
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i-su (high)
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きく
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chrysanthemum
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ki (devoiced) - ku (high)
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さけ
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sake
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sa - ke (high)
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えき
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station
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e (high) - ki
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そこ
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bottom
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so-ko (high)
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しお
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salt
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shi-o (high)
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かさ
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umbrella
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ka (high) - sa
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(T/F)
Japanese always use a title to address people other than family members. |
True
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(T/F)
Japanese always use a title to address their close friends. |
False
Young people sometimes refer to their close friends by name only, without using titles |
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〜せんせい
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Professor/Teacher~
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~ se - n se (high) - i
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〜さん
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Mr./Mrs./Miss/Ms.~
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~ sa n (high)
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(T/F)
せんせい may be used to address people in other professions if it has recognized expertise and performs a mentoring function. |
True
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(T/F)
せんせい may be used in reference to oneself. |
False
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(T/F)
〜さん may be used to refer to yourself. |
False
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(T/F)
〜さん may also be used for someone who is typically addressed as せんせい |
False
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はじめまして
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How do you do?
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ha- ji me ma (high) - shi-te
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〜です
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I am ~
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~ de-su
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どうぞ よろしく
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Pleased to meet you.
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do (high) - u- zo yo - ro shi ku (high)
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て
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hand
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te (high)
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つき
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moon
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tsu (devoiced) - ki (high)
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おなか
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stomach
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o - na ka (high)
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はな
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nose
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ha - na (high)
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くち
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mouth
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ku (devoiced) - chi (high)
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たき
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waterfall
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ta - ki (high)
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たな
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shelf
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ta - na (high)
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たかい
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high, expensive
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ta - ka (high) - i
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ひくい
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low, flat
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hi (devoiced) - ku (high) - i
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にく
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meat
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ni - ku (high)
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ひと
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person
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hi (devoiced) - to (high)
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ねこ
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cat
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ne (high) - ko
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いぬ
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dog
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i - nu (high)
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ふえ
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flute
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fu - e (high)
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ほし
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star
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ho - shi (high)
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うち
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house
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u - chi (high)
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こえ
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voice
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ko (high) - e
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おか
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hill
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o - ka
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きそく
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rule
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ki - so -ku
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うそ
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lie (noun)
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u - so
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おはよう ございます。
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[formal]
Good Morning / Hello |
o - ha you (high) go za i ma (high) - su
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おはよう。
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[casual]
Good Morning / Hello |
o - ha you (high)
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こんいちは。
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Good Afternoon / Hello
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ko - n ni chi wa (high)
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こんばんは。
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Good Evening / Hello
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ko - n ban wa (high)
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(T/F)
It is considered rude to use おはよう with superiors or in formal situations |
True
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What should you do if you see the same person more than once on the same day in regards to saying hello?
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You should just bow slightly or talk about something else
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(T/F)
こんいちはand こんばんは are used among family members. |
False
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しつれい します。
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[To instructors or social superiors]
Good-bye |
shi (devoiced) - tsu (high) - re-i shi-ma-su (devoiced)
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(T/F)
しつれい します may also be used as a polite greeting (similar to "excuse me") when you enter the office of a professor or social superior. |
True
しつれい します literally means "I am about to commit a rudeness" or "I am about to disturb you" |
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じゃあ、 また。
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[To friends]
See you later |
ja (high) - a, ma - ta (high)
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さようなら。 / さよなら。
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[To someone you do not expect to see for an extended period of time]
Good-bye |
sa - yo u na ra (high)
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あたま
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head
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a - ta ma (high)
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みみ
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ear
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mi - mi (high)
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め
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eye
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me (high)
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ひる
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afternoon
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hi - ru (high)
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よる
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night
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yo (high) - ru
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あめ
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rain
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a (high) - me
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ゆき
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snow
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yu - ki (high)
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くも
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cloud
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ku (high) - mo
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しろい
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white
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shi - ro (high) - i
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くろい
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black
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ku - ro (high) - i
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はれ
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clear (weather)
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ha - re (high)
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とり
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bird
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to - ri (high)
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むすめ
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daughter
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mu - su me (high)
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かわ
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river
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ka - wa (high)
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やま
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mountain
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ya - ma (high)
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からし
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mustard
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ka - ra shi (high)
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くすり
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medicine
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ku (devoiced) - su ri (high)
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うま
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horse
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u - ma (high)
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きし
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shore
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ki - shi (high)
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くき
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stalk
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ku - ki (high)
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くさ
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grass
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ku - sa (high)
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すそ
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hem
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su - so (high)
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すき
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like
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su - ki (high)
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しき
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four seasons
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shi (high) - ki
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しか
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deer
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shi - ka (high)
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つち
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soil
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tsu - chi (high)
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かつ
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to win
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ka (high) - tsu
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まつ
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to wait for
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ma (high) - tsu
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ちか
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underground
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chi - ka (high)
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ちち
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my father
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chi - chi (high)
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ありがとう ございます。
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Thank you.
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a - ri (high) - ga to u go - za i ma (high) - su
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どういたしまして。
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You are welcome.
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do (high) - u-i-ta-shi-ma-shi-te
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きいて ください。
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Please listen.
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ki - i te (high) ku da sa (high) - i
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みて ください。
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Please look at it.
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mi (high) - te ku-da-sa-i
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かいて ください。
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Please write.
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ka (high) - i-te ku da sa (high) - i
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よんで ください。
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Please read.
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yo (high) -n-de ku-da-sa-i
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いって ください。
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Please say it. / Repeat after me.
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i- tte (high) ku da sa (high) - i
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もう いちど いって ください。
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Please say it again. (instructor request)
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mo - u (high) i chi do (high) i - tte ku da sa (high) - i
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もう いちど おねがいします。
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Please say it again. (student request)
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mo - u (high) i chi do (high) o - ne ga i shi ma (high) - su
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おおきい こえで いって ください。
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Please speak loudly. (instructor request)
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o - o ki (high) - i ko (high) - e-de i - tte ku da sa (high) - i
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おおきい こえで おねがいします。
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Please speak loudly. (student request)
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o - o ki (high) - i ko (high) - e-de o-ne ga i shi ma (high) - su
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わかりましたか。
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Do you understand it?
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wa - ka ri ma (high) - shi - ta - ka (high)
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はい、わかりました。
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Yes, I understand it.
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ha (high) - i wa - ka ri ma (high) - shi - ta
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いいえ、わかりません。
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No, I don't understand it.
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i - i e (high) wa - ka ri ma se (high) n
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もう すこし ゆっくり おねがいします。
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Please say it slowly.
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do - u (high) su ko shi (high) yu - kku (high) - ri o - ne ga i shi ma (high) - su
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〜は にほんごで なんと いいますか。
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What do you call ~ in Japanese?
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~ wa (high) ni - ho n go de (high) na (high) - n to i - i ma (high) - su ka (devoiced)
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〜 と/って いいます。
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You call it ~
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to/tte i-i-ma-su
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これ
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that (if object is close to you)
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ko - re (high)
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それ
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that (if object is close to your interlocutor but a distance from you)
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so - re (high)
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あれ
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that (if object is at a distance from both you and your interlocutor)
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a - re (high)
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~って なんですか。
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What does ~ mean?
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tte (high) na (high) - n - de -su - ka (high)
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ひげ
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beard
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hi - ge (high)
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ゆび
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finger
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yu - bi (high)
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うで
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arm
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u - de (high)
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のど
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throat
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no - do
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ひざ
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knee
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hi - za (high)
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からだ
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body
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ka - ra da (high)
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でんわ
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telephone
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de - n wa (high)
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ながい
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long
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na - ga (high) - i
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みじかい
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short
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mi - ji ka (high) - i
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にほんご
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Japanese language
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ni - ho n go (high)
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かばん
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bag
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ka - ba n (high)
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ちず
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map
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chi (high) - zu
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かぎ
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key
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ka - gi (high)
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えんぴつ
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pencil
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e - n pi tsu (high)
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かぜ
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wind
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ka - ze (high)
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てんぷら
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tempura
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te - n pu ra (high)
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ふうせん
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balloon
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fu - u se n (high)
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おうさま
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king
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o - u sa ma (high)
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ていねい
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polite
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te (high) - i - ne - i
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おにいさん
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elder brother
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o - ni (high) - i - sa - n
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おとうと
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younger brother
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o - to u to (high)
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おかあさん
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mother
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o - ka (high) - a - sa - n
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おじいさん
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grandfather
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o - ji (high) - i - sa - n
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ちいさい
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small
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chi - i sa (high) - i
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がくせい
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student
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ga - ku se i (high)
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さとう
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sugar
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sa - to (high) - u
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こうこう
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high school
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ko - u ko u (high)
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とけい
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clock
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to - ke i (high)
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いもうと
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younger sister
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i - mo u to (high)
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おとうさん
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father
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o - to (high) - u - sa -n
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おばあさん
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grandmother
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o - ba (high) - a - sa - n
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ええ
|
yes (informal)
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e (high) - e
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とおり
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street
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to - o ri (high)
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おおきい
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big, large
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o - o ki (high) - i
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おねえさん
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elder sister
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o - ne (high) - e - sa - n
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こおり
|
ice
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ko - o ri (high)
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にっき
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diary
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ni - kki (high)
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がっき
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musical instrument
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ga - kki (high)
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がっこう
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school
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ga - kko u (high)
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きっぷ
|
ticket
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ki - ppu (high)
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きって
|
stamp
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ki - tte (high)
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ねっとう
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boiling water
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ne - tto u (high)
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りっぱな
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fine, magnificent
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ri - ppa na (high)
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ざっし
|
magazine
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za - sshi (high)
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せっけん
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soap
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se - kken (high)
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はっぱ
|
leaf
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ha - ppa (high)
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こっき
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national flag
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ko - kki (high)
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さっか
|
writer
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sa - kka (high)
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しっぽ
|
tail
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shi - ppo (high)
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こうちゃ
|
black tea
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ko - u cha (high)
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でんしゃ
|
train
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de - n sha (high)
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いしゃ
|
doctor
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i - sha (high)
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しゃしん
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photo
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sha - shi n (high)
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きんじょ
|
neighborhood
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ki (high) - n - jo
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ひゃく
|
one hundred
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hya - ku (high)
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さんびゃく
|
three hundred
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sa (high) - n - bya - ku
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りょこう
|
trip
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ryo - ko u (high)
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しゅっぱつ
|
departure
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shu - ppa tsu (high)
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しゃくり
|
hiccup
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sha (high) - kku - ri
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ちょかく
|
right angle
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cho - kka ku (high)
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しょっき
|
tableware
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sho - kki (high)
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きょう
|
today
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kyo (high) - u
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きゅうり
|
cucumber
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kyu (high) - u - ri
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にんぎょう
|
doll
|
ni - n gyo u (high)
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りょう
|
dormitory
|
ryo (high) - u
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びょうき
|
sickness
|
byo - u ki (high)
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みょうじ
|
last name
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myo (high) - u - ji
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しょうがつ
|
New Year's Day
|
sho - u ga tsu (high)
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ぎゅうにゅう
|
milk
|
gyu - u nyu u (high)
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あに
|
my elder brother
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a (high) - ni
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あんい
|
easygoing
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a (high) - n - i
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こな
|
powder
|
ko - na (high)
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こんな
|
this kind (of)
|
ko - n na (high)
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たね
|
seed
|
ta (high) - ne
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たんねん
|
detailed
|
ta (high) - n - ne - n
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い
|
stomach
|
i
|
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いえ
|
house
|
i - e (high)
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いいえ
|
no
|
i - i e (high)
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すし
|
sushi
|
su - shi (high)
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すうし
|
numeral
|
su -u shi (high)
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さと
|
countryside
|
sa - to (high)
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きれ
|
cloth
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ki - re (high)
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きれい
|
pretty, clean
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ki (high) - re - i
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くつ
|
shoes
|
ku - tsu (high)
|
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くつう
|
pain
|
ku - tsu u (high)
|
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かぜい
|
taxation
|
ka - ze i (high)
|
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おばさん
|
aunt
|
o - ba sa n (high)
|
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おじさん
|
uncle
|
o - ji sa n (high)
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ここ
|
here
|
ko - ko (high)
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しゅじん
|
husband
|
shu (high) - ji n
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しゅんじん
|
prisoner
|
shu - u ji n (high)
|
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しゅくだい
|
homework
|
shu - ku da i (high)
|
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さかな
|
fish
|
sa - ka na (high)
|
