Journey Across The Life Span & Ch 38 Basic Nursing Lpn Br11/12/10

Front 1

What refers to an increase in physical size?

Back 1

Growth

Front 2

What refers to the progressive acquisition of skills and the capacity to function?

Back 2

Development

Front 3

What growth and development that begins at the head of the individual and progresses downward toward the feet?

Back 3

Cephalocaudal

Front 4

What growth and development that progresses from the center of the body toward the extremities?

Back 4

Proximodistal

Front 5

Health is influenced by what two factors?

Back 5

genetic and environmental factors

Front 6

What includes characteristics such as hair color, eye color, and body size and shape?

Back 6

Genetics or heredity

Front 7

Who identified eight stages that span the full life cycle from infancy to old age?

Back 7

Erikson

Front 8

What stage in Erikson's Psychosocial Theory is Infancy (Birth to 18 Months)?

Back 8

Trust versus Mistrust

Front 9

What is the major developmental tasks in Erikson's Trust versus Mistrust theory?

Back 9

To develop a basic trust in the mothering figure and be able to generalize it to others

Front 10

What stage in Erikson's Psychosocial Theory is Early Childhood (18 Months to 3 Years)?

Back 10

Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt

Front 11

What is the major developmental tasks in Erikson's Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt?

Back 11

To gain some self-control and independence within the environment

Front 12

What stage in Erikson's Psychosocial Theory is Late Childhood ( 3 to 6 Years)

Back 12

Initiative versus Guilt

Front 13

What is the major developmental tasks in Initiative versus Guilt?

Back 13

To develop a sense of purpose and the ability to initiate and direct own activities

Front 14

In Jean Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development, the 12-15 year olds stage was?

Back 14

Formal operations

Front 15

Piaget's Stage for 12-15 year olds was about Formal operations - what was its major developmental task?

Back 15

• learning to think & reason in abstract terms
• making & testing hypotheses
• capability of logical thinking & reasoning expand & are refined
• cognitive maturity achieved

Front 16

When are inherited characteristics are determined?

Back 16

at the time of conception

Front 17

What are the two factors that have a large influence on the health of the developing baby?

Back 17

heredity and environment

Front 18

What are the chemical or physical substances that can adversely affect the unborn are known as?

Back 18

teratogens

Front 19

The skull bones are separated by bands of cartilage, called?

Back 19

sutures

Front 20

Located at the anterior and posterior on the infant’s skull are two spaces or soft spots, called?

Back 20

fontanels

Front 21

The newborn loses _______ percent of its birth weight in the first few days of life.

Back 21

5 to 10

Front 22

Why do they lose this weight?

Back 22

This occurs because the infant is given nothing by mouth for the first few hours and, therefore, the infant’s output exceeds its intake.

Front 23

What is this normal weight loss called?

Back 23

physiological weight loss.

Front 24

The newborn will gain ______ oz per week for the first month?

Back 24

5 to 6

Front 25

It will ______ its birth weight by 5 to 6 months of age

Back 25

double

Front 26

It will ______ its birth weight by its first birthday.

Back 26

triple

Front 27

When can a baby can roll both ways, sit with support, and hold the head erect?

Back 27

6 months old

Front 28

When can a baby sit alone?

Back 28

7 months old

Front 29

When does a baby have head control?

Back 29

2 months old

Front 30

When can an infant can change position from the prone (facedown) to the sitting position and creep?

Back 30

10 months old

Front 31

When can a baby stand with support?

Back 31

9-11 months old

Front 32

When can a baby walk unassisted?

Back 32

12 - 15 months old

Front 33

The toddler period usually refers to the period from _________ of age.

Back 33

1 to 3 years

Front 34

Successful toilet training depends on what two things?

Back 34

1) sphincter control
2) maturing of the sensory centers of the brain

Front 35

By the time the child is _______, he or she is usually bladder trained.

Back 35

3-3-1/ 2 years old

Front 36

The preschool period generally refers to ages ______ years.

Back 36

3 to 6

Front 37

What is the Preschool child's body proportion?

Back 37

a more slender appearance due to the lengthening of their trunk and body

Front 38

Depth Perception and color detection are fully established by age?

Back 38

5

Front 39

The ____________ contributes to some of the clumsiness that is still characteristic of the early preschool years.

Back 39

lack of depth perception

Front 40

By 5 years of age _________ ___________ and the ________ ________ which permits the child to jump rope, skip on alternating feet, walk on a balance beam, and catch a ball with both hands.

Back 40

muscle coordination
strength increase

Front 41

Preschool children engage in cooperative or associative play or?

Back 41

imitative play

Front 42

School age, the middle years, or late childhood starts with the child’s entry into formal education and ends with the onset of puberty, roughly from _________.

Back 42

ages 6 to 11

Front 43

Toddlers usually prefer what type of play, where they play alongside other children without interactions?

Back 43

parallel play

Front 44

What age period begins with a slow, consistent growth and ends with a growth spurt just at the time of puberty?

Back 44

school-age

Front 45

Weight increases on an average during the school-age are?

Back 45

4.5 to 6.5 lbs per year

Front 46

What is the type of play thats usually with groups of the same sex and may be competitive in nature? This is most often during the school-age.

Back 46

Team play

Front 47

Children b/t the ages of 2 & 4 years most often engage in play that is described as the emergence of make-believe and pretense?

Back 47

symbolic play

It is thought that symbolic play helps children to explore different possibilities, control aggression through fantasy, and pretend.

Front 48

The period known as puberty, or preadolescence, is a time of rapid growth normally commencing between the __________ and taking an average of 2 years to complete.

Back 48

ages of 11 - 14

Front 49

Puberty ends (and adolescence begins) with the ___________ in girls and the ___________ in boys.

Back 49

onset of menses
production of sperm

Front 50

Four major changes associated with the pubescent period are:

Back 50

1. Rapid physical growth
2. Changes in body proportions
3. Development of primary sex characteristics
4. Development of secondary sex characteristics

Front 51

Adolescence refers to a transitional period that begins with sexual maturity and ends with cessation of growth and the movement toward ____________ __________ and ____________ __________.

Back 51

emotional maturity and physical maturity.

Front 52

Boys grow ____________ and girls grow ____________ this period.

Back 52

4-12 inches

2-8 inches

Front 53

Puberty is second to _________ as the period of most rapid growth.

Back 53

prenatal

Front 54

Cognitive development is a prerequisite for ?

Back 54

moral reasoning

Front 55

What is based on earlier learned principles of right and wrong?

Back 55

Moral judgment

Front 56

Who directly and indirectly influence the moral judgments of children?

Back 56

Parents

Front 57

Some teens move completely away from their family practices and may gravitate toward other less traditional ideologies due to?

Back 57

a need for freedom and independance

Front 58

Predominant emotional experiences in teens?

Back 58

where they would test values and beliefs

Front 59

Teens are very sensitive about the appearance and condition of their _______.

Back 59

skin
(the appearance of a small blemish will cause them distress)

Front 60

Muscle's capacity for max work is age?

Back 60

25-35

Front 61

The speed at which a person responds to a stimulus is?

Back 61

Reaction time

Front 62

Reaction time increases noticeably between ages?

Back 62

20 and 30

Front 63

Middle adulthood, or middle age, covers the period from the ?

Back 63

mid-40s through the early 60s.

Front 64

In general, all muscles show a slight decreased capacity to perform work and require a longer time to recover after exertion in middle adulthood, why?

Back 64

a decrease in motor activity

Front 65

The cells of the __________ become less elastic, resulting in wrinkling and sagging of the skin.

Back 65

dermis ( inner layer)

Front 66

The eyes have a decreased ability to focus on near objects

Back 66

presbyopia

Front 67

Many people develop a degree of loss of hearing acuity called?

Back 67

presbycusis

Front 68

Role changes are a part of middle adulthood, as they are in other life stages. For many, time is no longer primarily spent on child- centered activities, but on ____________?

Back 68

couple-centered activities

Front 69

Middle-aged adults may find that they need to adjust to a new role, which is?

Back 69

Parenting their parents.

Front 70

Why is there need for a change in these roles?

Back 70

Their parents may face economic problems or failing health.

Front 71

There is no change in the bond between parent and middle aged adult.

True or False

Back 71

True it stays the same as it was previously

Front 72

Why are middle aged people enjoying economic stability?

Back 72

They are at their peak earning capabilities and job statuses.

Front 73

What refers to the average number of years that a person is likely to live?

Back 73

Life expectancy

Front 74

Why have Older Adults gross and fine motor skills slowed down or are affected by?

Back 74

stiffened ligaments and joints

Front 75

Medicaid accounts for about _________ of the funding used by elderly people for health-care costs

Back 75

12 percent

Front 76

What provides specific instructions about medical treatments the client chooses to refuse in the event they are unable to make decisions?

Back 76

A Living Will

Front 77

What is a written statement appointing someone else to manage healthcare decisions when the clients is unable to do so?

Back 77

Durable Power of Attorney

Front 78

A condition from which recovery is beyond reasonable expectation is?

Back 78

terminal illness

Front 79

What is the First stage of Dying?

Back 79

Denial

Front 80

What is the Second stage of Dying?

Back 80

Anger

Front 81

What is the Third stage of Dying?

Back 81

Bargaining

Front 82

What is the Fourth stage of Dying?

Back 82

Depression

Front 83

What is the Fifth stage of Dying?

Back 83

Acceptance

Front 84

What is the hallmark of nursing?

Back 84

caring more than curing

Front 85

What is relief for the caregiver by a surrogate called?

Back 85

Respite care

Front 86

Nurse Practice Act is a statute that legally defines the unique role of the nurse, how does it differentiate it from that of other health care practitioners, such as physicians?

Back 86

• They define the scope of nursing practice.
• They establish the limits to that practice.
• They identify the titles that nurses may use, such as licensed practical nurse (LPN), licensed vocational nurse (LVN), or registered nurse (RN).
• They authorize a board of nursing to oversee nursing practice.
• They determine what constitutes grounds for disciplinary action.

Front 87

What is the eligibility for Hospice Care?

Back 87

clients w/ 6 months or less to live as certified by a physician
are accepted for hospice care in the US

while on hospice, the client can transfer but may not be discharged b/c of inability to pay, high treatment cost, high-tech palliative care, or difficult behavior

Front 88

What is the maintenance of an adequate fluid volume?

Back 88

Hydration

Front 89

What is one of the last reflexes to disappear as death approaches?

Back 89

Sucking

Front 90

Name two important things to remember about the dying patient's hygiene?

Back 90

1) The dignity of clients related largly to their personal appearance - keep them clean, well-groomed and free of odors
2) Frequent mouth care may be necessary.

Front 91

In a Dying patient what is the goal for patient's comfort?

Back 91

The goal is to keep clients free from pain but not to dull consciousness, suppress respirations, or inhibit the ability to communicate.

Front 92

What is the condition in which two or more organ systems gradually cease to function?

Back 92

multiple organ failure

Front 93

What are some respiratory system signs of multiple organ failure?

Back 93

• Dyspnea
• Accumulation of fluid (“death rattle”)
• Cheyne-Stokes respirations followed by apnea periods

Front 94

What is the process of feeling acute sorrow over a loss?

Back 94

Grieving

Front 95

What is it called when some people's grief begins before the loss occurs?

Back 95

anticipatory grieving

Front 96

What are the activities involved in grieving called i.e. burial rituals?

Back 96

Grief work

Front 97

Psychological and physical phenomena experienced by those grieving is called?

Back 97

grief response

Front 98

What is it called when a person cannot accept someone's death where they have bizarre or morbid behaviors, or attempt to contact deceased through seances?

Back 98

pathologic grief or dysfunctional grief

Front 99

What are some important things to remember when performing postmortem?

Back 99

Remove hairpins or clips.
Close the eyelids.
Replace or keep dentures in the mouth.
Place a small rolled towel beneath the chin to close the mouth.
Cleanse secretions and drainage from the skin.