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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tinker vs. Des Moines
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1969; The US Supreme Court recognizes the first amendment protects on-campus student speech.
Exceptions: - unlawful speech - physically disruptive speech |
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Hazelwood vs. Kuhlmeier
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1988; The US Supreme Court significantly reduces the level of first amendment protection provided to most school-sponsored student media at public high schools.
Why Not: - Bias or prejudice - Unsuitable - Ungrammatical - Makes the school look like it is takinga side on the issue |
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Libel
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Publication of a false statement or fact that seriously harms someone's reputation.
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False Light
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Making someone do something they really don't/weren't doing.
- Ex: Misleading caption * Not recognized in all states |
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Appropriation
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Unauthorized use of a person's name, photograph, likeness, voice, or endorsement to promote the sale of a commercial product or service.
- Defense = Conduct |
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Invasion of privacy
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Four Types:
1) Public disclosure of private/embarrassing facts 2) Intrusion 3) False light 4) Misappropriation * Certain details, even though true, may be off limits. * Truth is NOT a defense. |
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Types of intrusion
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Three Types:
1) Trespass: Going on someone's property without their consent 2) Secret Survaillance: Spying with microphones, cameras, etc. 3) Misrepresentation: Going undercover as something that you are not |
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Places you have access to government documents
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Courthouses, open meetings, police departments
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Documents you do not have access to
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Medical, school records
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Importance of copyright
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- Protects pictures, stories, illustrations, cartoons, music, logos, and even wallpaper.
- Makes it to where if someone copies your copyrighted work, they can be punished. - Does not protect facts/ideas, government records, works in public domain, or "odds and ends" |
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Composition
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Pleasing arrangment and selection of subjects within the image
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Line
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What your eyes follow to get you to the subject
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Subject
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Main thing in the picture; what you are supposed to focus on
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Merger
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When a line intersects the subject
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Framing
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Creates a frame for the subject; look out for mergers
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Simplicity
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Compose your photograph so that your reason for taking the picture is clearly seen. [make subject obvious]
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Importance of filling the frame
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Makes you focus directly on the subject; Move in closer for less background
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Rule of thirds
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Subject should be where one of the circles are. Make a grid and circle the intersections.
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Give subjects room to move
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Leave space between subject and the direction it's going so that you can see where it is going, and wonder
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Direct light
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Light right on the subject
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Diffused light
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Softens the picture; comes in from indirect places; ex: a lamp
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Backlight
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Shines behind subject
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Front lighting
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Shines on subject
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Side lighting
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Shines on the subject from the side
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