Journalism Terms

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5 W’s and the H

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concept in news style that is regarded as basics in information gathering. Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?

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Lead

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the introductory section of a story

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Soft lead

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introduces the topic in a more creative, attention-seeking fashion, and is usually followed by a brief summary of facts

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Hard lead

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aims to provide a comprehensive thesis which tells the reader what the article will cover

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Inverted pyramid

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a journalism tactic that describes how news information should be dispatched to the reader

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Hazelwood Vs. Kuhlmeier

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was a United States Supreme Court decision which held that public school curricular student newspapers that have not been established as forums for student expression are subject to a lower level of First Amendment protection than independent student expression or newspapers established as forums for student expression.

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Bethel Vs. Frazier

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a United States Supreme Court decision involving free speech and public schools.

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Tinker Vs. Desmosine

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a decision by the United States Supreme Court that defined the constitutional rights of students in U.S. public schools.

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Colorado Student Free Expression Law

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provides student journalists attending Colorado public schools with added protection against administrative censorship

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Prior review

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term refers to the practice of school officials - or anyone in a position of authority outside the editorial staff - demanding that they be allowed to read (or preview) copy prior to publication and/or distribution

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Prior restraint

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occurs when an administrator - often after he or she has read material (prior review) -- actually does something to inhibit, ban or restrain its publication

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Freedom of Information Act

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a law ensuring public access to U.S. government records

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Technical

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exposure

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ISO

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The sensitivity speed of the film

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Shutter Speed

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Controls the duration of an exposure - the faster the Shutter speed, the shorter the exposure time

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Aperture

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A circle-shaped opening in a lens through which light passes to strike the film

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Depth of field

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The range of distance in a scene that appears to be in focus and will be reproduced as being acceptably sharp in an image

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Panning

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Technique that involves taking a picture while moving the camera at a relatively slow shutter speed, used to track moving objects

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Composition

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The arrangement of the elements (subject and other objects) in a scene or photograph

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Rule of thirds

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compositional rule of thumb in visual arts such as painting, photography and design

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Power Points

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intersection of two lines

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Merger

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blending, combining, or joining of something with something else

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eye flow

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the path the viewer’s eyes take as he or she enters the image, studies it, and exits at the point where the lines end

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s-curve

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A road, a stream, or even the shape of the ground or grasses in front of you can do this very well.

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Aspect Ratio

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the ratio of an image that is its width divided by its height

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Alley

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The blank space between two columns of text

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Gutter

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The inside margins or blank space between two facing pages

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Flag

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an indicator generated by a computer to denote a condition such as an error

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Nameplate

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The banner on the front of a newsletter or other periodical that identifies the publication

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Bleed

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When any image or element on a page touches the edge of the page, extending beyond the trim edge, leaving no margin

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Pull Quote

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small selection of text "pulled out and quoted" in a larger typeface.

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Lorem ipsum text

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Used to check layout and overall appearance before the actual text is inserted

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right justify

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Another term for alignment to the right

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left justify

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Another term for alignment to the left

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fully justified

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the aligning of the top, bottom, sides, or middle of text or graphic elements on a page

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byline

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A short phrase or paragraph that indicates the name of the author of an article in books, magazines, newspapers, newsletters, or other publications

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deck

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one or more lines of text found between the headline and the body of the article

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folio

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A sheet of paper folded in half

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page

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the actual document page and its composition

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caption

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a phrase, sentence, or paragraph describing the contents of an illustration such as a photograph or chart

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pica

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a typesetting unit of measurement commonly used for measuring lines of type

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leading

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the space between lines of type

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kerning

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the adjustment of space between pairs of letters to make them more visually appealing