Journalism 101 Marks

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Certification of an industry association

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Accreditation

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The act of providing the source of information that appears in news reports

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Attribution

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Recorded material ready for insertion into radio broadcasts

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Audio News Release

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In-depth articles contained in press kits

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Backgrounders

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Press releases designed to be inserted into newspaper feature or editorial sections with no change

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Canned News

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Relations activities designed to aid and to maintain a beneficial image with groups on the local, national, or global level

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Community Relations

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Community relations activity in which a company helps society on a large scale

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Corporate Aid

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Public Relations activity used to repair a client’s public image following an emergency

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Crisis Management

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A story granted to just one news outlet

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Exclusive

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Public relations term for groups outside the client organization

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External Publics

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Derogatory term for public relations professionals

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Flacks

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Anything given away by public relations practitioners to promote a favorable relationship with media gatekeepers

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Freebies

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The public relations practice of covering up environmental problems by associating a client with beneficial environmental actions

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Greenwashing

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Dramatic publicity techniques

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Hype

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Public Relations and advertising working together

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Integrated Marketing

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Public relations term for groups inside the clients organization

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Internal Publics

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Unauthorized disclosures to the press

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Leaks

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Any attempt to influence the voting of legislators

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Lobbying

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The practice of developing and maintaining contact with media gatekeepers; also called press relations

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Media Relations

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The angle or approach that makes information newsworthy

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News Hooks

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People who work to generate publicity for a client

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Press Agents

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A collection of publicity items given out to media gatekeepers

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Press Kit

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Brief document containing the information needed to write a news story; also called a news release

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Press Release

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Any action designed to create a human interest story ; manhy are outlandish or outrageous

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Publicity Stunt

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All the activities that maintain a beneficial relationship between an organization and its various publics

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Public Relations

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Short, carefully crafted statements designed to be picked up in news reports

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Sound Bites

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A news conference in which newsmakers and reporters in various locations are joined by a satellite or an Internet hookup; also called a videoconference or a satellite media tour (SMT)

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Teleconference

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Leaks in which the source reveals that some action is being considered, in order to test public feelings about the action before going ahead with it

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Trial Balloons

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A ready-to broadcast videotape designed for use in television news

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Video News Release (VNR)

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The practice of using public relations messages to cover up problems without correcting them

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Whitewashing

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Began his career as a showman in 1835; exemplified hype with outrageous claims. His company ended up Barnum and Bailey
Andrew Jackson- won the presidential election of 1828 by appealing to the common man through public relations tactics. Also had up to 60 journalists working for him at one time to help his public image.

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Phineas T. Barnum

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won the presidential election of 1828 by appealing to the common man through public relations tactics. Also had up to 60 journalists working for him at one time to help his public image.

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Andrew Jackson

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was the first public relations firm formed in 1900;established press agentry as a separate enterprise.

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Boston Publicity Bureau

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Widely recognized as the father of the modern public relations industry and the first public relations advisor; started as a newspaper person, a business reporter for Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World. Quit job to run election campaigns then opened a pr firm in 1906. Hired by US Coal mine owners during major strikes. Worked for Rockefeller in 1914. He believed in certain principles that he espoused the rest of his career; believed in being open with the public and against corporate secrecy. Because of Lee the idea of not fooling the public came about.

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Ivy Lee

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Created by President Woodruff Wilson in 1917 and charged it with promoting WWI as “The war to end all wars”; Headed by George Creel

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Committee on Public Information

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Muckracker whop worked for CPI; exposed Ivy Lee and the Rockefellers
For their role in the Ludlow Massacre

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George Creel

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Started lots of committees to promote clients messages (e.g. Lucky Cigarettes for losing weight “Reach for a Lucky instead of a Sweet”); Edward wrote book on PR called Crystallizing Public Opinion in 1923; Taught first PR class at NYU

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Edward & Dorris Bernays

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Established by Roosevelt in 1942 headed by Elmer Davis; helped promote war bonds, victory gardens, work productivity, and the rationing of food

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Office of War information

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Ran Office of War Information

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Elmer Davis

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Birthed out of OWI; Was initiated by Eisenhower whose mission was to “tell America’s story abroad”

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United States Information Agency

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A group of PR peeps in 1947 got together to promote professional standards and to put forth a positive image for the industry

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Public Relations Society of America

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Any group of people w/ a stake in an organization, issue, or idea

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Public

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The Lifeblood of an organization

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Employees

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They own the organization

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Stockholders