Jojo's F&e Cards

Front 1

What is Homeostasis?

Back 1

equilibrium in the body

Front 2

What is neccessary for the body to maintain homeostasis?

Back 2

water, and proper maintenance of water

Front 3

Water is app. ______% of body weight?

Back 3

60% in adults
45-55% in elderly
70-80% in infants

Front 4

How much water is located inside cells?

Back 4

2/3

Front 5

Name the three fluid compartments in the body?

Back 5

Intracellular
Extracellular
transcellular

Front 6

Name 3 functions of water in the body?

Back 6

regulation of temp
lubrication for joints, membranes
carries oxygen to cells
transports nutrients, electrolytes
carries waste from cells
is a medium for food digestion

Front 7

How much in lbs does 1L of water weigh?

Back 7

2.2 lbs (1kg)

Front 8

What are electrolytes?

Back 8

substances that have molecules that split into ions when in water

Front 9

Which ions are positively charged?

Back 9

cations

Front 10

Anions are?

Back 10

negatively charged ions

Front 11

The ICF's main cation?

Back 11

K+

Front 12

Na+ is the main cation for the?

Back 12

ECF

Front 13

Which process is involved in the movement of water?

Back 13

Osmosis

Front 14

Active transport is used to help which two important cations move against the concentration gradient?

Back 14

Na+ & K+

Front 15

What is the difference b/w osmolarity and osmolality?

Back 15

Although they are used as the same term, osmolarity refers to fluids outside of the body and osmolality refers to fluids inside the body.

Front 16

Which pressure refers to force within a fluid compartment?

Back 16

Hydrostatic Pressure

Front 17

Oncotic pressure is also refered to as?

Back 17

colloidal osmotic pressure

Front 18

Edema is?

Back 18

a fluid shift into the interstitium

Front 19

What is fluid spacing?

Back 19

the distribution of fluid in the body

Front 20

Name the term used when fluid collects in a portion of the body where it is unavailable for functional use?

Back 20

Third spacing

Front 21

Which regulation system assists in fluid balance by sensing a deficit and stimulating the release of ADH from the pituitary?

Back 21

Hypothalamic Regulation

Front 22

Which mechanism is crucial for the hypothalamic regulation to work?

Back 22

The thirst mechanism

Front 23

Which hormone does the posterior pituitary release that regulates water in the kidneys?

Back 23

ADH

Front 24

Name two conditions that cause alterations in the release of ADH.

Back 24

SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH)

Diabetes Insipidus

Front 25

Which condition causes a reduction in the release of ADH?

Back 25

Diabetes insipidus

Front 26

Name one cause of SIADH?

Back 26

brain injury
brain tumor
small cell lung cancer
ect.

Front 27

What are the primary organs responsible for fluid regulation?

Back 27

kidneys

Front 28

How much urine per day does the average adult produce?

Back 28

1.5L

Front 29

Invisible vaporization of fluids from skin and lungs is?

Back 29

insensible water loss

Front 30

Name normal levels for K+, Mg2+, Na+, & Ca2+.

Back 30

K+=3.5-5.5 mEq/L
Mg2+=1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Na+=135-145 mEq/L
Ca2+=4.5-5.5 mEq/L

Front 31

Name the two main causes of Hyponatremia?

Back 31

sodium loss or water gain

Front 32

Name two things that could cause sodium loss?

Back 32

Diarrhea, Vomiting, diuretics, burns, wound drainage

Front 33

List 5 syptoms of hyponatremia due to water gain?

Back 33

confusion, weakness, headache, nausea, vomiting, weight gain, increased BP, increased CVP, muscle spasms, seizure, coma

Front 34

Are seizures and coma also symptoms of hyponatremia due to sodium loss?

Back 34

yes

Front 35

Intense thirst is a key symtom of?

Back 35

Hypernatremia

Front 36

Reasons for Hypernatremia include sodium gain or_____?

Back 36

water loss

Front 37

Would you use NaCl IV solutions to treat Hypernatremia?

Back 37

No, the goal of Tx is to get rid of sodium and using NaCl or in other words Normal Saline would be adding more sodium into the system.

Front 38

Name an IV solution that would be used for Hypernatremia?

Back 38

D5W

Front 39

What is another name for Fluid Volume Deficit?

Back 39

Hypovolemia

Front 40

What is the goal of Tx for FVD?

Back 40

correct underlying cause
replace water and electrolytes

Front 41

What other than water would you want to remove from the body in FVE?

Back 41

Sodium

Front 42

Which electrolyte is responsible for functions in nerve impulses, cardiac rhythms, and smooth muscle contractions?

Back 42

Potassium

Front 43

Which annoying leg problem can come from not having enough potassium (hypokalemia)?

Back 43

leg cramps

Front 44

When there is not enough K+, the heart is affected, which comes first? a fast irregular heart rate or a slow heart rate

Back 44

a fast irregular one

Front 45

Name a cardiac medication that could cause Hyperkalemia?

Back 45

ACE Inhibitors

Front 46

Why does Hyperkalemia cause Diarrhea?

Back 46

The body is trying to get rid of the extra potassium.

Front 47

How does the body obtain calcium?

Back 47

ingestion of calcium containing foods

Front 48

Calcium has an inverse relation ship with phosporous, what does this mean?

Back 48

If one is at higher levels, the other is at lower ones and vice versa

Front 49

Which gland promotes the hormone that regulates calcium? And what is the name of the hormone?

Back 49

parathyroid gland
PTH

Front 50

Neck surgery causes which alteration in calcium?

Back 50

Hypocalcemia

Front 51

Would an increase or a decrease in PTH cause hypocalcemia?

Back 51

decrease

Front 52

What is an early sign of hypocalcemia?

Back 52

numbness and tingling around mouth (circumoral parasthesia)

Front 53

Describe the two main clinical signs of tetany?

Back 53

Chvostek's sign is when there is a contraction of the facial muscle by tapping the facial nerve in front of the ear.
Trousseau's sign is when there are carpal spasms brought on by inflating a BP cuff on the arm.

Front 54

Which calcium imblance is Tetany associated with?

Back 54

Hypocalcemia

Front 55

Why would a person have bone pain with hypercalcemia?

Back 55

The calcium came out of the bone and into the blood stream.

Front 56

What med would you give to a person with electrocardiogram changes due to Hypercalcemia?

Back 56

Calcium Channel Blockers

Front 57

Is phosphate essential for the function of white blood cells or red blood cells?

Back 57

RBC's

Front 58

What is the major route for Phosphorous excretion?

Back 58

the kidneys

Front 59

What muscle problem does hyperphosphatemia have that also is associated with hypocalcemia?

Back 59

Tetany

Front 60

Name a cause for Hyperphosphatemia?

Back 60

renal failure
chemo
enemas containing phosphorous
excessive ingestion of milk
large vit-D intake
hypoparathyroidism

Front 61

Hypophosphatemia can be cause by?

Back 61

TPN
alcohol withdrawal
recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis
respiratory alkalosis

Front 62

Where is 50-60% of the body's magnesium contained?

Back 62

bone

Front 63

Hypomagnesemia causes CNS _____?

Back 63

hyperirritability

Front 64

Hypermagnesemia is likely to only occur with?

Back 64

an increased intake along with renal failure
or
in pregnant women on mag sulfate for eclampsia

Front 65

Is learning F&E's a big pain?

Back 65

Yes, but worth it!